Eran Ortal, "Battle Before the War: The Inside Story of the IDF's Transformation" (Dado Center, 2023)
Oct 20, 2024
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Eran Ortal, an Israeli brigadier-general (Res) and military theorist, discusses the evolution of the IDF's strategies in the face of modern conflicts. He emphasizes the need for the military to adapt to changes in technology and societal dynamics. Ortal critiques traditional reliance on deterrence, advocating for innovative approaches to non-state actors like Hezbollah and Hamas. He also delves into the ethical complexities of urban warfare in Gaza and the importance of enhancing military intelligence for better frontline decision-making.
The IDF's strategy emphasizes preparing for future conflicts by innovating military thought and adapting to the evolving nature of warfare.
Addressing ethical challenges in urban warfare, the IDF strives to balance military objectives with the need to minimize civilian casualties.
Deep dives
Military Campaigns Between Wars
The concept of military campaigns that occur between full-scale wars is crucial for understanding the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) strategy. The IDF focuses on maintaining deterrence and security, operating under the principle that wars are often won in the preparation phases. This involves meticulous planning and operational responses to prevent escalated conflict, thus ensuring sustained security without entering into open warfare. The idea of routine security, developed in the 1950s, emphasizes the need for the IDF to constantly deter threats through calculated responses to attacks, allowing them to manage conflict subtly while preparing for potential larger engagements.
Strategic Oversight and Adaptation
The failure to adapt to the changing nature of warfare is identified as a significant shortcoming within the IDF. Traditional military strategies that focus solely on defeating state armies have not translated effectively when dealing with non-state actors such as Hamas and Hezbollah. As these groups evolve into more structured military organizations, the IDF's reliance on air power and past tactics has been called into question. A critique of current strategies highlights the importance of innovating military thought to address these asymmetrical threats while maintaining a proactive and decisive stance in regional conflicts.
The Role of Intelligence in Military Operations
Intelligence operations are critical to the effectiveness of the IDF, particularly in managing the complexities of urban warfare and rapidly changing battle scenarios. The integration of real-time intelligence at the tactical level is essential to ensure that combat units can make informed decisions amidst dynamic threats. A systematic approach to intelligence sharing has improved operational effectiveness, yet dependency on centralized intelligence remains a vulnerability. High-level intelligence processing must be balanced with frontline adaptability to enhance responsiveness to immediate threats, reflecting a need for decentralized insights in decision-making.
Ethical Considerations in Modern Warfare
Navigating the ethical landscape during military engagements, particularly in densely populated areas like Gaza, is a challenge faced by the IDF. The guiding principles of necessity and proportionality are essential criteria that the IDF strives to uphold amidst the complexities of conflict. While civilian casualties are an unfortunate reality in urban warfare, the IDF emphasizes the distinction between military objectives and unintended harm to non-combatants. An ongoing discourse around these ethical dilemmas is critical, as it influences operational strategies while reinforcing accountability to maintain international standards during military operations.
A critical challenge for militaries is preparing for future, not past, wars. History shows that success often depends on accurately interpreting and harnessing technological and societal changes. In the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), this transformation process has been ongoing, with Brigadier General Eran Ortal as a key advocate for a new paradigm. Many ideas developed by Ortal and his colleagues have recently shaped the IDF's force-building programs.
The Battle Before the War: The Inside Story of the IDF's Transformation (Dado Center, 2023) compiles a decade of critical intellectual work produced during active service, uniquely combining theoretical discussions on military innovation with insider insights into IDF deliberations. It offers an essential perspective for understanding the IDF's internal debates and current development. Moreover, the book serves as a mirror to the ongoing conflicts between Israel and Gaza, Lebanon, and Iran, providing valuable context for understanding the military strategies and challenges in these contemporary engagements.
Eran Ortal is an Israeli brigadier-general (Res) and renowned military theorist who has made significant contributions to strategic thinking in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Ortal's military career spans over three decades, during which he served in various critical roles, including combat intelligence and operational planning. His academic background in history, political science, and security studies complements his practical military experience. Ortal is perhaps best known for his tenure as the commander of The Dado Center for Interdisciplinary Military Studies, where he fostered innovative military thought and strategy. He is also the founder and editor of "Bein Ha-ktavim" (Between the Poles), an influential journal published by the Dado Center. Since retiring from the IDF in 2023, Ortal has continued to shape military and technological strategy through his work with prestigious think tanks and as an educator at Reichman University. His unique blend of military experience, academic rigor, and strategic insight makes him a valuable voice in discussions on modern warfare and defense strategy.