In this episode, we trace how small movements, bold revivals, and ordinary believers shaped the explosive growth of Protestant Christianity from Europe to America—and created the denominational family tree we’re part of today.

--

The PursueGOD Truth podcast is the “easy button” for making disciples – whether you’re looking for resources to lead a family devotional, a small group at church, or a one-on-one mentoring relationship. Join us for new episodes every Tuesday and Friday.

Find resources to talk about these episodes at pursueGOD.org.

Help others go "full circle" as a follower of Jesus through our 12-week Pursuit series.

Click here to learn more about how to use these resources at home, with a small group, or in a one-on-one discipleship relationship.

Got questions or want to leave a note? Email us at podcast@pursueGOD.org.

Donate Now

--

Episode Summary

In today’s final episode of our Church History series, we trace how Protestantism crossed the Atlantic, sparked massive revival movements, and gave rise to the denominational landscape we see today. From the Moravians and the First Great Awakening to Pentecostalism and the modern church, this episode connects the dots and shows how the global church family took shape.

1. The Moravians: The Spark Behind Modern Missions

Where we left off last time.

• Descendants of John Hus (the Hussites / Unity of the Brethren)

• Refugees who fled to Count Zinzendorf’s estate in Saxony (3–600 people total)

Why they mattered:

• Experienced a powerful renewal on Aug 13, 1727

• Launched a 24/7 prayer chain that lasted 100 years

• Sent more missionaries than all Protestants combined by 1760

• Known for radical sacrifice—including missionaries willing to sell themselves into slavery

• Mission field spread across the West Indies, Africa, Asia, and North America

The John Wesley connection:

• Wesley encountered Moravians during a terrifying storm at sea in 1736

• Their fearless faith pushed him toward his own conversion

• This eventually shaped the Methodist movement—the largest U.S. denomination by the 1850s

2. The First Great Awakening (1730s–1740s)

A transatlantic revival that birthed the modern evangelical identity—people committed not only to studying Scripture but sharing the gospel.

The Big Three

John Wesley – The Organizer

• Anglican priest, Oxford “Holy Club” leader

• Had his conversion at Aldersgate (“heart strangely warmed”)

• Formed Methodist societies and class meetings

• Emphasized holiness, discipline, and new birth

• By his death: 72k British & 57k American Methodists

George Whitefield – The Preacher

• Electrifying communicator; could preach to 20k–30k without amplification

• Crossed the Atlantic seven times, preaching across all 13 colonies

• Popularized the phrase “born again”

• First international Christian “celebrity”

• Outdoor, mass evangelism pioneer

Jonathan Edwards – The Thinker

• Pastor, theologian, philosophical genius

• Sparked revival in Northampton (1734–35)

• Wrote Religious Affections, the defining book of revival theology

• Fired for restricting communion to true believers

• Later became president of what is now Princeton

• Legacy includes U.S. Senators, college presidents, and even Vice President Aaron Burr

3. Awakening & the American Revolution

The First Great Awakening shaped the convictions behind independence:

• Human equality before God

• Freedom of conscience

• Resistance to tyranny

• Authority from God, not kings

Many revival-shaped pastors—known as the Black Robe Regiment—preached these themes and influenced the Revolutionary generation.

4. The Second Great Awakening (1790s–1840s)

As post-Revolution America drifted spiritually, God brought a fresh wave of revival.

Cane Ridge Revival (1801)

• Frontier Kentucky: violent, isolated, spiritually empty

• Revival broke out at a simple communion meeting

• 20–25k people attended—10% of Kentucky’s population

• Pastors from multiple denominations preached together

• Marked a shift from elite clergy to lay involvement and frontier evangelism

Birth of the Restoration Movement

Key leaders: Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell

• Sought to recover New Testament Christianity

• Produced Churches of Christ, Christian Churches, and Disciples of Christ

• Influenced future independent & non-denominational churches

5. The Holiness Movement (Mid-1800s)

Rooted in Wesley’s teaching on sanctification.

Emphasized:

• Heart purity

• Holy living

• Spirit-empowered transformation

This movement produced:

• Salvation Army (1865)

• Church of the Nazarene (1908)

• The Wesleyan Church

• Free Methodist Church

Most importantly: it laid the groundwork for Pentecostalism.

6. The Rise of Pentecostalism (1901–1914)

Charles Parham (Topeka, 1901):

• Interpreted speaking in tongues as evidence of Spirit baptism

• Laid the foundation for classical Pentecostal doctrine

Azusa Street Revival (1906) – William J. Seymour

• Multiracial worship

• Tongues, healing, prophecy

• Thousands came from around the world

• Sparked global Pentecostal missions

Today:

• Over 600 million Pentecostals worldwide

• Includes Assemblies of God, COGIC, Foursquare, Pentecostal Holiness, Vineyard, Calvary Chapel, and more

7. The Protestant Family Tree — Four Roots

Here are the four major roots from which almost all denominations grow.

Root 1: The Free (Radical) Reformation

• Waldensians, Wycliffe, Huss

• Direct descendants: Mennonites, Amish, Moravians

• Influenced later groups: Baptists, Restoration Movement, modern non-denominational churches

Root 2: The Lutheran Tradition

• German & Scandinavian Lutherans

• Pietism

• Later movements: Evangelical Free Church, charismatic Lutherans

Root 3: The Reformed Tradition

• Calvin, Zwingli

• Reformed churches & Presbyterians

• Later movements: Reformed Baptists, modern Reformed resurgence

Root 4: The Anglican / English Reformation

The most influential root.

Direct and indirect descendants include:

• Episcopalians

• Puritans

• Congregationalists

• Baptists

• Methodists

• Pentecostal & charismatic churches

• Many modern denominations

• Much of evangelicalism today

8. Final Challenge

Jesus promised:

“I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it.”

Across 2,000 years—revivals, failures, institutions, reforms—Jesus has been faithful to build His people.

This series wasn’t just about studying history.

It was about rediscovering what a biblical church looks like:

• Rooted in the gospel

• Led by the Spirit

• Faithful to God’s Word

• Devoted to making disciples

Pick up your Bible. Plug into a local church. Stay awake spiritually. And keep building the kind of church Jesus envisioned.