This podcast delves into Merleau-Ponty's perspective on time and freedom, challenging traditional understandings. It explores the inseparability of time and freedom, the temporality of subjectivity, and the influence of social roles and norms on identity and choice. The podcast emphasizes the importance of embodied subjectivity and the paradoxical nature of human freedom, highlighting the role of structures in making freedom possible.
Time is not a series of disjointed moments, but a form of presence inseparable from our embodied existence.
Freedom is not determined by free will or causal factors, but by our ongoing projection and self-production as temporally situated beings.
Deep dives
The Experience of Time and Self-Awareness
Merleau-Ponty explores the experience of time and its connection to self-awareness. He critiques theories of time that reduce it to a series of disjointed moments and argues that to truly understand the perception of past and future, we need to see time as a form of presence. Time is a horizon of intelligibility and is inseparable from our embodied existence. Merleau-Ponty rejects the idea of a transcendental ego and proposes that self-awareness is inherently temporal. The body plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the flow of time, and our actions and habits are anchored in our temporal embodiment. Time is an ongoing project, constantly unfolding in the world.
Freedom as Embodied Temporality
Merleau-Ponty deviates from the traditional opposition between freedom and determinism and offers a unique perspective on freedom. He argues that freedom is not determined by a free will or causal factors, but rather by our embodied existence as temporally situated beings. Freedom is always relative and situated within a context of norms, commitments, and possibilities. Merleau-Ponty emphasizes that freedom is not about isolated acts of will or choice, but about the ongoing projection and self-production of our embodied being. Our actions are not completely determined or completely free, but occur within a field of possibilities. Freedom is at the core of our being, as we continually navigate between action and possibility.
The Ambiguity of Freedom and Human Existence
Merleau-Ponty highlights the inherent ambiguity of freedom and human existence. He emphasizes that we are both general and specific, always situated in a physical, material, and social world. Freedom is the product of our embodiment and our ongoing negotiation with the norms and roles that define our lives. Our freedom is indebted to the contextual, social, economic, and cultural factors that shape our possibilities, and yet we are not completely determined by them. Freedom is not a static monad but a continual reiteration of our ambiguous being. We are born of the world and into the world, simultaneously acted upon and open to infinite possibilities. This ambiguity defines our human freedom and the ongoing project of our embodied lives.
Given Merleau-Ponty deemed it necessary to conclude PoP with a reflection on the nature of freedom tells us of the importance he placed on the idea. In this lecture then I want to do three specific things. Firstly, I will explain what Merleau-Ponty has to say about the experience of time. This is important because Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical defence of freedom is inseparable from the question of temporality. This runs counter to conventional accounts of freedom in philosophy – free will versus determinism – In the second section, I explain how Merleau-Ponty constructs an alternative account of freedom as a form of self-awareness. In the last section I outline Merleau-Ponty’s own theory of human freedom.
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