Martian sounds reveal the secrets of the red planet's core
Oct 27, 2023
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Researchers use seismology to study Mars' interior structure. New research reveals the size and composition of Mars' core. Challenges in analyzing Marsquakes and capturing clear seismic data. Insights into Mars' core composition and its implications for the planet's evolution. Insightlander's data collection ends due to a malfunctioning seismometer.
Seismic waves on Mars helped infer the composition and density of the planet's core.
The revised understanding of Mars' core composition has implications for the planet's evolution and its potential for developing a magnetic field.
Deep dives
Mars Quakes: Exploring the Red Planet's Interior
The podcast discusses the use of seismology to study the interior structure of Mars. Seismology is the most important technique for understanding the planet's composition and density. Initially, the search for Mars Quakes faced challenges, such as protecting the seismometer from extreme temperature variations and wind interference. Eventually, the researchers found quiet periods during Mars' spring and summer when they could detect Mars Quakes. Over four years, they discovered over 1,300 Mars Quakes, which provided insights into the internal structure. The seismic waves observed helped infer the composition and density of Mars' core.
Lower Density Martian Core Raises Questions
The podcast highlights a study that raised questions about the Martian core's density. The researchers initially estimated the core to be about 50% of the planet's radius, but the density turned out to be significantly lower than expected. The density, measured at 6 grams per cubic centimeter, suggested a composition with a substantial amount of light elements. This finding prompted further analysis, comparing the seismic data to laboratory measurements of iron-nickel alloys. The study revealed that the previous assumption of the outermost core was incorrect and that the lowermost mantle was a rocky layer.
Implications for Mars' Evolution and Magnetic Field
The revised understanding of Mars' core composition has significant implications for the planet's evolution. With a smaller core, the average density increased, requiring fewer light elements in the composition. The core is now believed to be about 90% iron and nickel, similar to Earth's composition. In terms of Mars' past, its lack of a magnetic field at present may be temporary. As Mars cools down, the liquid iron metal in its core will eventually freeze, potentially leading to the reactivation of a Martian dynamo and the formation of a magnetic field. However, the InSightlander, which provided these seismic insights, is no longer operational due to dust accumulation on its solar panels.
For years, researchers have been listening to Mars and the quakes that ripple through it, to understand the planet's internal structure and uncover its history. But often these results have left more questions than answers. Now, though, new research published in Nature reveals the composition and size of Mars's core, finding that it is much smaller than previously thought.