PREMIUM-Episode 59: Alasdair MacIntyre on Moral Justifications
Jul 5, 2012
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Alasdair MacIntyre, a renowned philosopher, dives into the deep waters of moral philosophy. He critiques modern ethical discourse, suggesting we've lost our way since abandoning Aristotle. MacIntyre discusses the importance of teleology and how understanding purpose relates to human flourishing. He argues that without recognizing cultural contexts, ethical claims become incoherent. The episode encourages revisiting ancient frameworks to bridge the gap between facts and values, challenging contemporary moral theories.
MacIntyre argues that modern ethical theories fail due to their disconnection from Aristotelian teleology, leading to incoherent moral discourse.
The podcast highlights the importance of recognizing the communal and historical context in understanding morality, which modern philosophy often neglects.
Deep dives
Justifying Ethical Claims
The episode centers around the question of what justifies ethical claims, drawing from Alistair MacIntyre's 'After Virtue.' It highlights the incoherence currently evident in ethical discourse, where modern terminology is often rooted in outdated assumptions. MacIntyre argues that contemporary ethics has devolved into expressing mere preferences without grounding in objective standards, a departure from the Aristotelian framework. The podcast discusses this tension, exploring how the Enlightenment's rejection of Aristotelian teleology has contributed to the confusion in establishing moral truths.
MacIntyre's Critique of Modern Ethics
The podcast delves into MacIntyre's critique of the Enlightenment's moral theories, particularly the fallacy of deriving 'ought' from 'is.' He contends that ethical claims today are misunderstood because they are mistakenly treated as universal truths when they are often culturally contingent. By revisiting Aristotelian thought, he emphasizes that ethical concepts like good and virtue possess an inherent normative quality that modern philosophy often overlooks. MacIntyre seeks to reintegrate a sense of purpose in ethics, suggesting that understanding human nature requires acknowledging the communal and historical context.
The Historical Context of Ethics
The discussion emphasizes the historical evolution of ethical thought, pointing out how concepts from Aristotle's time are misapplied in contemporary debates. It notes that ethical theories developed post-Enlightenment have largely failed because they disregard the teleological underpinnings that were once essential to understanding human purpose. The podcast explains that the shift away from final causality and essences obscured the connection between human nature and morality. As such, moral philosophy has faced a crisis in establishing coherent ethical standards, rendering modern interpretations inadequate.
Revisiting Teleology
MacIntyre's reintroduction of teleology is thoroughly explored, positing that a return to Aristotelian principles is necessary for a robust moral framework. The podcast discusses how teleological thinking encompasses not just biological functions but also social dimensions, asserting that individuals must recognize their roles within a community. MacIntyre asserts that understanding morality as a movement toward realized potential—our 'telos'—is crucial for ethical discussions today. Ultimately, the episode challenges listeners to rethink how we derive moral truths by considering the teleological aspects of human existence.
On Alasdair MacIntyre's After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (1981), mostly ch. 3-7 and 14-17. What justifies ethical claims? MacIntyre claims that no modern attempt to ground ethics has worked, and that's because we've abandoned Aristotle. We see facts and values as fundamentally different: the things science discovers vs. these weird things that have nothing to do with science. In Aristotle's teleological view, everything comes with built-in goals, so just as a plant will aim grow green and healthy, people have a definite kind of virtue towards which we do and should naturally strive. Get the full discussion at partiallyexaminedlife.com.
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