Tariffs, globalization, and democracy, with Harvard economist Dani Rodrik
Feb 6, 2025
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Dani Rodrik, a Harvard economist and critic of unrestricted globalization, delves into the complex relationship between tariffs, economic nationalism, and democracy. He argues that while tariffs can protect domestic economies, they also come with limitations. Rodrik highlights the resurgence of industrial policy as a response to growing inequalities and declining middle class, stressing the need for improved job quality and worker empowerment. He also reflects on the social consequences of hyper-globalization, evidenced by events like Brexit and Trump's election.
While tariffs can protect domestic economies, they are not a comprehensive solution to the complexities of global economic challenges.
The revival of industrial policy is crucial for addressing economic disparities and fostering job creation, especially for the middle class.
Deep dives
The Complexity of Globalization
Tariffs can be useful as a protective measure for domestic economies but should not be considered a comprehensive solution for complex economic challenges. The podcast emphasizes that while globalization has brought countries together economically, it has also created divisions within nations, particularly between the middle class and political elites. Economies have become more integrated globally while increasingly disconnected internally, leading to significant social tensions and dissatisfaction. This situation illustrates the need for a reevaluation of how globalization is managed, focusing on making it a fairer system for all.
The Rise of Industrial Policy
Industrial policy has reemerged as a crucial government strategy for fostering economic growth and resilience, especially in response to globalization's challenges. Historically, the United States and other nations have employed industrial policies to stimulate key sectors and ensure competitive advantages, yet they became less fashionable post-1990s. The current need to recover the middle class and transition to green economies underscores the importance of active government intervention in encouraging innovation and production. The Inflation Reduction Act is highlighted as an example of how such policies can help create jobs and address important sectors, including renewable energy, by incentivizing investment rather than imposing punitive measures.
Rebuilding the Middle Class
The erosion of the middle class is attributed to various factors, including hyper-globalization, technological advancements, and weakening labor dynamics. It is suggested that a healthy democracy relies on a robust middle class, which necessitates reinventing economic policies focused on job creation, particularly in service sectors. Addressing income inequality and labor voice is critical to restoring the middle class's position in society, and this requires leveraging technology to improve job quality and access. Policymakers should prioritize sustainable job strategies that foster economic stability and social cohesion rather than merely reviving traditional manufacturing roles.
Dani Rodrik has long argued against unfettered globalization and supports countries' use of industrial policy to pursue economic development. The Harvard economist joins us to talk about the usefulness and limitations of trade tariffs, economic nationalism, and the impact of global economics on democracy. Catch up on all the action from the Annual Meeting 2025 at and across social media using the hashtag #WEF25. Links: World Economic Forum : From Blind Spots to Insights: Enhancing Geopolitical Radar to Guide Global Business: Related podcasts: Check out all our podcasts on : - - : - : - : Join the :
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