Before the Powell Memo, before the Kochs. In DEMOCRACY IN CHAINS: The Deep History of the Radical Right’s Stealth Plan for America, NANCY MacLEAN tells the story of a Nobel prize-winning economist whose ideas fuel the right’s relentless campaign to gerrymander districts, eliminate unions, suppress voting, privatize public education, change the Constitution, and curb democratic majority rule. According to MacLean, James McGill Buchanan created the blueprint that ultimately makes Koch money so effective.