Ryan Sprenger, a Senior Research Scientist at Fauna Bio, joins the hosts to discuss the fascinating potential of human hibernation for deep space travel. They explore how studying hibernating animals could help astronauts endure long missions. Topics include the unique metabolic adaptations of hibernators, the evolution of their resilience to radiation, and implications for human health, including diabetes management. The conversation captivates with insights into the balance of sleep and activity, while offering a glimpse into the future of space exploration.
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Quick takeaways
Hibernation offers a survival strategy for animals, demonstrating metabolic reduction which could be applicable to astronauts on long space missions.
Research into hibernation's unique metabolic characteristics reveals potential insights for human health issues like diabetes and muscle atrophy during space travel.
Deep dives
The Science of Hibernation and Torpor
Hibernation is presented as a survival strategy that allows certain mammals to enter a state known as torpor, which is a significant lowering of metabolic activity and body temperature. Torpor differs from full hibernation in that it is a temporary state that some animals can enter in response to environmental changes, primarily resource scarcity. Research into hibernation indicates that it is not limited to cold climates and that many mammals, such as some species in warm environments, also employ these strategies. Understanding torpor could provide crucial insights into potential human applications for long-duration space travel.
Applications for NASA and Space Exploration
The potential applications of hibernation research for NASA are significant, particularly in the context of long-duration space missions, such as those planned for Mars. A key focus is to develop a method for inducing a state of torpor in humans to mitigate challenges such as muscle atrophy and radiation exposure during extended space travel. Current initiatives are looking at how the physiology of hibernating animals can inform new strategies to enable long-term survival for astronauts while reducing their metabolic needs. This research is currently in the conceptual phase, aiming to make hibernation in space not just a theoretical idea but a practical reality.
Hibernation's Benefits and Resilience
Research shows that hibernation provides distinct advantages to animals by allowing them to survive periods of resource deprivation, such as during droughts or wildfires. For instance, various species in Australia utilize torpor post-wildfires to endure food shortages by drastically lowering their energy requirements. This ability helps them stretch their existing bodily resources, increasing their chances of survival when food availability is otherwise limited. The resilience offered by hibernation underscores the evolutionary benefits that have allowed certain species to thrive under conditions of environmental stress.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Metabolism in Hibernators
Unique metabolic characteristics of hibernators provide critical insights into health issues such as diabetes and muscle atrophy. For instance, certain hibernating species can become insulin resistant during hibernation, only to reverse this condition when they emerge, showcasing an intriguing model for human metabolic research. The hibernators' ability to lower their metabolism drastically—by as much as 99%—allows them to survive periods without food or water without suffering typical negative effects seen in non-hibernating animals. This remarkable feat raises the possibility of applying similar physiological adaptations and mechanisms to develop treatments for metabolic diseases and enhance human health during space exploration.
How close are we to enabling astronauts to go into deep sleep for long space journeys? Neil deGrasse Tyson, Chuck Nice, & Gary O’Reilly team up with Ryan Sprenger, Senior Research Scientist at Fauna Bio, to explore whether humans can hibernate like animals do.
Thanks to our Patrons Parker Mann, Kwesi collisson, John, Ray, Dr. Cy, Felix the Feline, Jimmy Dunn, Mandi McKay, Kevin Militello, Aaron Streimish, Joshua Beadle, Sam Pennington, Geoffrey Docute, Syler, David Smith, and Matt Talley for supporting us this week.
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