The Birth of Cool: How Refrigeration Changed Everything
Jun 11, 2024
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Discover the fascinating journey of refrigeration from ice houses to modern kitchens. Learn about high school dropouts, deadly explosions, and how cold boxes changed food preservation and the planet. Explore innovative fruit preservation techniques and the environmental impact of refrigeration technology. Is there a better way to preserve food? Listen to find out!
53:15
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Quick takeaways
Refrigeration revolutionized food preservation, originating from natural cold sources before commercialization.
Mechanical refrigeration's wide adoption transformed global food supply chains, affecting transportation and agriculture sectors.
Deep dives
Refrigeration: A New Revolution in Food Preservation
Refrigeration has drastically impacted food preservation, but it is a relatively recent innovation. Before refrigeration, people used natural cold sources like caves or ice pits to preserve food. The commercialization and domestication of refrigeration occurred in the late 1800s and 1920s, respectively. The use of refrigeration expanded beyond just cooling drinks to preserving food, particularly for brewers, who were the largest consumers of natural ice in the US.
Frederick Tudor and the Ice Trade
Frederick Tudor, a delusional genius, played a significant role in the ice trade, pioneering the shipment of ice to countries like Cuba. Despite initial setbacks and skepticism from investors and merchants, Tudor eventually succeeded by hiring Nathaniel Wyeth to improve ice storage methods and creating innovative ice-cooled water jugs and early refrigerators. The American ice trade at its peak harvested eight million tons of ice annually, primarily benefiting brewers.
Mechanical Refrigeration Emerges
The development of mechanical refrigeration was a breakthrough in the mid-19th century. While initially perceived as a luxury, engineers like James Harrison and Eugene Audiffren began exploring evaporation processes to create cold spaces without ice. This led to the commercialization of mechanical refrigeration in the 1850s, with the first refrigeration machine sold to breweries in London and Australia. Brewery demands for chilled lager beer drove early refrigeration advancements.
Impact of Refrigeration Innovations
The evolution of refrigeration technologies extended beyond household use, influencing diverse sectors like transportation and agriculture. Mechanical refrigeration enabled the creation of refrigerated rail cars, shipping containers, and warehouses, transforming global food supply chains. However, the widespread adoption of refrigeration posed environmental challenges, including energy consumption and the use of super greenhouse gas refrigerants, highlighting the need for sustainable refrigeration solutions like those developed by Appeal Sciences.
For as long as we’ve been making Gastropod, co-host Nicky has also been working on another project: writing a book all about refrigeration. Well, time to pop the champagne you’ve had stashed in the icebox, because that book comes out June 25—and we’re giving Gastropod listeners an exclusive preview! This episode, Cynthia and Nicky talk about how a high school dropout's get-rich-quick scheme, some deadly explosions, and lots and lots of beer brought us the humming boxes of cold now ubiquitous in the modern kitchen—and how the proliferation of this portable, on-demand winter has transformed our food (not always for the better) while heating up our planet. It's almost impossible to imagine living without a fridge, but Nicky’s book totally changed the way we look at preserving food. Is there a better way? Listen to find out, and for the rest of the story, be sure to pre-order Frostbite: How Refrigeration Changed Our Food, Our Planet, and Ourselves!