Exploring the history and variations of constellation naming, creating your own constellations, observing galaxies at different life stages, the existence of gas giants, the position of black holes in galaxies, the monochromatic appearance of Jupiter, Taylor Swift's space references, and astronomical namesakes.
Constellations have evolved over time and different civilizations had their own versions before standardization in 1922.
When observing galaxies, we see them at different stages of evolution due to the time it takes for light to reach us.
Deep dives
Former Constellations
Constellations are not fixed and have evolved over time. Before the standardization of constellations in 1922, different civilizations designated their own constellations. The Western canon now dominates, but many constellations designated by telescopic observers in the Southern Hemisphere no longer exist. Examples include Quadrans Morales and old maps depict constellations that are no longer recognized.
Observing Galaxies in Different Life Stages
When we observe galaxies, we are seeing them at different stages in their evolution due to the time it takes for light to reach us. Just as we can't see a single human at all their different life stages in one instant, we can't see a galaxy in all its life stages simultaneously. The expanding universe does not cause us to see the same galaxy in different places, as the expansion does not happen faster than light. Instead, telescopes allow us to observe the entire population of galaxies and understand their evolution over time.
Why Gas Giants Like Jupiter Exist
Space is not at absolute zero and contains tenuous matter. Local concentrations of matter in space, pulled together by gravity, can heat up to the extent that gas giants like Jupiter are formed. Although space can be cold, the diffuse and widely separated atoms and molecules do not condense into solids in the same way they would on Earth. Gas giants form as a result of mass collapsing under gravity and heating up inside, even if it doesn't reach the point of nuclear reactions.
Can JWST see galaxies at different life stages? What is a "former" constellation? And why do we see Jupiter in monochrome? This month, Izzie Clarke, Dr Becky Smethurst and Dr Robert Massey take on your questions from The Supermassive Mailbox.
Want to support The Supermassive Podcast? Why not buy our book The Year In Space - https://geni.us/jNcrw
The Supermassive Podcast from the Royal Astronomical Society is a Boffin Media Production. The producers are Izzie Clarke and Richard Hollingham.
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