Weekly: The Trump impact on climate and global health; the placebo effect’s evil twin; the mystery of dark oxygen
Jan 24, 2025
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Explore the controversial withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement and its unclear impact on climate action and global health. Discover the nocebo effect, where negative expectations can lead to real health issues. Dive into groundbreaking research revealing that deep-sea metallic nodules might be producing oxygen, challenging existing theories. Plus, gain insights into how drug perceptions can alter treatment experiences, and learn about a new exhibition celebrating the significance of soil in our ecosystem.
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Quick takeaways
The U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and WHO significantly undermines global climate initiatives and health cooperation, impacting international efforts.
The nocebo effect illustrates how negative expectations can adversely influence treatment outcomes, emphasizing the importance of positive communication in healthcare.
Deep dives
Impact of U.S. Withdrawal from Climate Agreements
The U.S. has announced its withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement and the World Health Organization, actions that could significantly impact global climate initiatives. Critics highlight that the U.S., being the second-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, will likely reduce its influence in international climate negotiations, potentially allowing other countries to lessen their commitments to emission cuts. The withdrawal not only affects diplomatic leverage but also eliminates critical funding for climate finance, which supports low-income nations in combating climate change. Nevertheless, a majority of global emissions are still attributable to countries remaining in the Paris Agreement, suggesting that international climate efforts can still proceed despite the U.S. exit.
Concerns Surrounding the Nocebo Effect
The nocebo effect, often referred to as the evil twin of the placebo effect, describes how negative expectations about a treatment can lead to adverse effects, even when the treatment is inactive. Research indicates that patients may report more side effects when they perceive a medication to be generic or inexpensive, demonstrating the profound impact of psychological factors on health outcomes. For instance, a study showcased that participants consuming a placebo labeled as generic experienced more negative symptoms compared to those with a branded version, despite both containing the same active ingredients. This highlights the importance of marketing and communication strategies in healthcare, underscoring the need for medical professionals to frame treatment options positively.
The Mystery of Dark Oxygen in Deep Sea Ecosystems
Recent discoveries have revealed that metallic nodules in the deep ocean may produce oxygen, challenging previous assumptions that all oxygen production depended solely on photosynthetic organisms. Researchers gained initial insights when they observed unexpected increases in oxygen levels during studies of these nodules. This finding has ignited controversy and debate within the scientific community, with critics questioning the methodologies and implications of deep-sea mining that could disrupt these novel ecosystems. A new research initiative aims to gather more data to better understand this phenomenon and confirm the nodules' role in oxygen production before mining activities commence.
President Trump has signed executive orders pulling the US out of the Paris climate agreement, and out of the World Health Organization. Although he claims that withdrawing from Paris will save the US $1trillion a year, the reality is much less clear. As the world’s second largest emitter and amid bans on renewable energy permits, just how catastrophic is this for global climate action? Leaving the WHO raises concerns too over the future of global health action.
You probably know of the placebo effect, but have you heard of the ‘nocebo’ effect? Known as the evil twin of the placebo, this is where being told something won’t work or is inferior can make it less effective or problematic. Find out how researchers have been testing it out.
Last year we heard the shock discovery that oxygen is being produced in the deep ocean. Believed to be coming from metallic nodules on the sea floor, the finding could upend accepted wisdom. And now the researchers who discovered this have set out on a 3 year mission for more data. Hear about the planned research and why lead researcher Andrew Sweetman has been subjected to “online bullying”.
A new exhibition at Somerset House in London is celebrating the wonder of soil, titled ‘SOIL: The World at Our Feet’. Hear from co-curators of the show, Henrietta Courtauld and Bridget Elworthy.
Hosts Rowan Hooper and Penny Sarchet discuss with guests James Dinneen, Michael Le Page, Alexandra Thompson and Madeleine Cuff.