John Horgan, "Terrorist Minds: The Psychology of Violent Extremism from Al-Qaeda to the Far Right" ( Columbia UP, 2023)
Feb 8, 2024
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Leading expert on the psychology of terrorism, John Horgan, discusses the motivations behind becoming a terrorist, the evolution of terrorism research, the differences between violent extremists and mass killers, and the diverse individuals involved in terrorism. They explore factors influencing extremist group joining, including the role of friends and family, desire for hero status, and sense of community. The podcast provides an up-to-date understanding of the patterns and mentalities of violent extremists, offering crucial insights into extremist behavior.
Terrorism research has evolved, making it challenging to keep up with the growing body of work and the blurred lines between terrorism and other forms of violence.
Ideology is a critical factor that sets terrorists apart, defined by organized beliefs justifying the use of violence for social, political, religious, or ideological agendas.
Deep dives
How Terrorism Research Has Evolved over the Years
Terrorism research has undergone significant changes in the past 25 years, with more scholars and journals dedicated to the topic. The field has exploded, making it daunting for researchers to keep up with the growing body of work. Additionally, defining terrorism has become more challenging, as the lines between terrorism and other forms of violence have blurred. The complexity and evolving nature of terrorism make it a fascinating and ever-changing research subject.
The Role of Ideology in Distinguishing Violent Extremists
Ideology is a critical factor that sets terrorists apart from mass killers or gangs. It refers to an organized set of beliefs shared by a group, which justifies the use or threat of violence for social, political, religious, or other ideological agendas. While gangs may have their own ideologies, they tend to be narrower and less focused on upending the social or political system. Ideology plays a central role in defining terrorism and differentiating it from other forms of group violence.
The Influence of Gender in Terrorist Involvement
Contrary to popular portrayals, terrorism is not limited to young males. Women have played active roles in terrorist groups throughout history, challenging the stereotype. Gender dynamics in terrorism are complex, with motivations and involvement varying among individuals. While some female terrorists emphasize personal revenge, others are driven by ideology like their male counterparts. Understanding the role of gender in terrorism requires recognizing the diverse motivations and experiences of individuals involved.
What makes a person want to become a terrorist? Who becomes involved in terrorism, and why? In what ways does participating in violent extremism change someone? And how can people become deradicalized?
John Horgan―one of the world’s leading experts on the psychology of terrorism―takes readers on a globe-spanning journey into the terrorist mindset. Drawing on groundbreaking personal interviews as well as decades of research from psychologists and others, he traces the pathways that lead people into violent extremism and explores what happens to them as their involvement deepens. Horgan provides an up-to-date, evidence-based understanding of the patterns, motives, and mentalities of violent extremists from the Islamic State and al-Shabaab to white supremacists and incels. He argues that there is not a straightforward psychological profile of a terrorist, in part because of the great variety of today’s extremists, who are able to attract a more diverse pool of recruits than ever before. But even though there is no one-size-fits-all profile, psychological study can provide crucial insight into why and how people become terrorists.