From Myth to Fairy-Story

The play begins with King Oedipus of Thebes seeking to end a plague afflicting his city. He sends his brother-in-law, Creon, to consult the oracle of Apollo, who reveals that the plague will end when the murderer of the former king, Laius, is found and brought to justice. Unaware that he himself is the killer, Oedipus vows to find the murderer. Through a series of revelations, it is discovered that Oedipus is the son of Laius and Jocasta, whom he unknowingly killed and married, respectively. Upon learning the truth, Jocasta hangs herself, and Oedipus, in grief and despair, gouges out his own eyes and is eventually exiled from Thebes[2][4][5].

The Lays of Marie de France is a collection of twelve Breton lais, short narrative poems written in Anglo-Norman French during the 12th century. These lais explore themes of courtly love, romance, and the supernatural, often featuring elements of fantasy and folklore. The poems are known for their lyrical beauty and evocative imagery, offering a glimpse into the literary and cultural landscape of medieval Europe. Marie de France's skillful use of language and her ability to create compelling characters have secured her place as a significant figure in medieval literature. The lais continue to captivate readers with their timeless themes and enduring appeal.

In "On Fairy Stories," J.R.R. Tolkien explores the nature and significance of fairy tales, arguing that they are not mere children's stories but profound expressions of human longing and imagination. He delves into the concept of 'eucatastrophe,' a sudden and joyful turn of events that transcends the ordinary, and how it relates to the Christian narrative of redemption. Tolkien's essay is a rich tapestry of literary criticism, mythology, and personal reflection, offering insights into the creative process and the power of storytelling to shape our understanding of the world. He emphasizes the importance of fantasy literature in providing escape, consolation, and a glimpse into the deeper truths of existence. The essay remains a cornerstone of fantasy literature studies and continues to inspire writers and readers alike.