Pastor Zach Garris and Dr Josh Howard explore Radical Two Kingdoms Theology and its impact on the church. They discuss the conflict between New Testament teachings and Reform distinctions, the influence of R2K on the view of scripture and natural law, the significance of the Noachic Covenant, and the responsibility of the civil magistrate to enforce God's law.
R2K theology separates the Noeic Covenant into two separate covenants, one focusing on salvation and the other on the natural law-driven aspects of civil government, but critics argue that this division ignores redemptive elements and fails to align with the broader understanding of the Noeic Covenant.
R2K theology tends to minimize the role of scripture and special revelation in civil government, leading to a loose interpretation of government involvement and a lack of biblical guidance in politics.
Critics argue that R2K theology reflects a defeatist response to secularization, relying heavily on natural law and common ground with unbelievers, which waters down Christian principles and hinders Christian influence in shaping societal values.
Deep dives
The Noeic Covenant and R2K Theology
R2K theology, particularly influenced by David Van Drunen, separates the Noeic Covenant into two separate covenants, one focusing on salvation through Noah's entrance into the ark, and the other promising not to destroy all creation with a flood again. This separation allows R2K proponents to assert that the Noeic Covenant is purely non-redemptive in nature and only pertains to common, natural law-driven aspects of civil government. However, critics argue that this division ignores the redemptive elements present in the Noeic Covenant, such as sacrifices offered by Noah and the continuation of generational covenantal language. This separation is seen as arbitrary and fails to align with the broader understanding of the Noeic Covenant as a unified covenant with redemptive implications.
R2K Theology and Minimizing the Role of Scripture in Civil Government
R2K theology, along with a modern third-way approach popularized by Tim Keller, tends to minimize the role of scripture and special revelation in the realm of civil government. R2K theology often focuses exclusively on the second table of the law, emphasizing matters such as murder and theft, while neglecting the authority of scripture in guiding societal laws and ethical standards. This approach leads to a more loose interpretation of government involvement and allows for Christians to hold differing political views, even if they contradict biblical principles. This theology often discourages Christians from advocating for laws against issues like abortion and non-traditional marriage, leading to a lack of biblical guidance and clarity in the realm of politics.
Defeatism and Theological Liberalism in R2K Theology
Critics of R2K theology argue that its theological trajectory reflects a defeatist response to the rise of theological liberalism and secularization in contemporary culture. Instead of calling for a return to biblical principles and the standards set forth in scripture, R2K theology often relies heavily on natural law and common ground with unbelievers. This approach leads to a watering down of Christian principles and a reluctance to engage with cultural issues from a biblical standpoint. Critics also question the practical implications of this theology, as it promotes a separation between the church and state that may hinder the Christian influence in shaping societal values and ethics.
Undermining the Idea of a Christian State
The podcast episode discusses how the Reformed Two Kingdoms (R2K) theology undermines the concept of a Christian state or civil government. It argues that the civil government should be supporting the church and upholding righteousness. However, R2K promotes a more secular and apparently neutral approach to governance, which ultimately weakens the influence of Christianity in society.
Challenging the Application of Biblical Law
Another key point addressed in the podcast is how the Reformed Two Kingdoms theology impacts the application of biblical law in different spheres of life. The podcast highlights that R2K discourages the application of scripture to civil government, which limits its teaching and guidance in that area. Moreover, it argues that R2K's pluralistic approach fails to acknowledge the value of having a distinctly Christian government, which historically played a crucial role in upholding Christian values and laws.
Pastor Zach Garris and Dr Josh Howard discuss a modern iteration of classic, reformed two kingdom theology known as R2K, or "Radical Two Kingdoms" theology.
What is R2K? Where did it come from? Proponents such as Meredith Kline and David VanDrunen are examined. What are the implications of making the Noahic Covenant non-redemptive? Is this a novel concept or rooted in the historical faith? What did John Calvin and other Reformes say on this subject?
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