Sounds of recovery: AI helps monitor wildlife during forest restoration
Oct 25, 2023
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Researchers use AI and animal sounds to monitor wildlife recovery during forest restoration. Algae-based living materials that glow when squeezed and a 50-million-year-old bat skull with ancient echolocation skills are discussed. The influence of food texture on eating habits and the neuroscience of sleep are explored. The potential use of AI to study sleep and promote a Nature Plus subscription are also mentioned.
Analyzing soundscapes can provide valuable insights into the progress of forest regrowth and wildlife regeneration, contributing to the monitoring of biodiversity increases.
New research challenges the notion that sleep eliminates awareness of the external environment, indicating that sleep involves a spectrum of consciousness to unconsciousness and has implications for understanding sleep disorders and mechanisms.
Deep dives
Monitoring Forest Restoration through Soundscapes
Ecologists are exploring the potential of analyzing changing soundscapes in tropical forests as a means to monitor restoration efforts. As forests face threats from various industries and climate change, the conversion of forests to farmland alters the sound balance and acoustics of the environment. By capturing and analyzing soundscapes, scientists can gain insights into the progress of forest regrowth and wildlife regeneration. Using standardized methods, researchers in Ecuador recorded soundscapes across different forest plots, from active agriculture to recovering forests and primary forests. They found that analyzing the composition of vocalizing vertebrates, such as birds and amphibians, provided a useful measure of forest recovery over time, accurately reflecting the regeneration gradient. This approach, though imperfect, shows promise in monitoring biodiversity increases and can potentially contribute to the emerging biodiversity credit market.
The Brain's Response to External Stimuli During Sleep
New research suggests that individuals can exhibit awareness of external stimuli and even respond to them while asleep. In a study involving participants with and without narcolepsy, researchers prompted them to smile or frown during daytime naps. Despite being asleep, the participants accurately responded to the prompts at a rate of at least 70%. Brain scans showed that activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, a region involved in reward processing, correlated with the participants' responses. The findings challenge the notion that sleep completely eliminates awareness of the external environment, indicating that sleep may involve a spectrum of consciousness to unconsciousness. This research could have implications for understanding sleep disorders and further exploring the mechanisms of sleep.
Using Mouthfeel to Determine Food Value
Researchers have uncovered insights into how food texture influences the value humans place on different foods. A study explored the link between mouthfeel and the reward system in the brain, particularly in response to fatty foods. By analyzing brain activity and conducting taste tests, researchers found that people assigned higher value to milkshakes with higher fat content. The activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, a brain region involved in reward processing, correlated with the valuation of the milkshakes. The research suggests that understanding the neuronal mechanisms behind food texture perception could help develop lower-calorie alternatives that mimic the mouthfeel of high-fat foods.
00:47 An automated way to monitor wildlife recovery
To prevent the loss of wildlife, forest restoration is key, but monitoring how well biodiversity actually recovers is incredibly difficult. Now though, a team have collected recordings of animal sounds to determine the extent of the recovery. However, while using these sounds to identify species is an effective way to monitor, it’s also labour intensive. To overcome this, they trained an AI to listen to the sounds, and found that although it was less able to identify species, its findings still correlated well with wildlife recovery, suggesting that it could be a cost-effective and automated way to monitor biodiversity.
Researchers develop algae-based living materials that glow when squeezed, and a 50-million-year-old bat skull that suggests echolocation was an ancient skill.
A brain imaging study reveals how high-fat foods exert their powerful pull, and how being asleep doesn’t necessarily cut you off from the outside world.