99% Invisible Constitution Breakdown #5: Dr. Tom Frieden
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Dec 26, 2025 
Dr. Tom Frieden, former CDC director and New York City Health Commissioner, shares insights on the intersection of public health and politics. He discusses the challenges of working in a politically charged environment while emphasizing the importance of scientific integrity. Frieden highlights the role of the CDC in shaping health policies, particularly during crises. He addresses the complexities of combating vaccine misinformation and the need for clear communication to build public trust. Additionally, he proposes reforms for better alignment between CDC and local efforts to enhance public health outcomes.
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Vesting Clause Creates Power Ambiguity
- Article II's vesting clause omits "herein granted," creating ambiguity about presidential powers beyond the text.
- Presidents historically assert broader authority than Article II lists, fueling disputes over scope.
Electoral College Determines Victory
- The Electoral College makes 270 electoral votes the decisive metric, not the national popular vote.
- That design allows candidates to win the presidency while losing the popular vote.
Fake Electors Plot After 2020
- Elizabeth Joh recounts the fake electors scheme after the 2020 election as an attempt to overturn results.
- Dozens were later indicted on state criminal charges for participating in the plot.