Liam Shaw, an author focused on the great auk and its extinction, shares fascinating insights about this flightless bird once thriving in the North Atlantic. He discusses the ironic role of specimen collectors and conservationists in its decline, highlighting human impact on biodiversity. Shaw reflects on the emotional dimensions of extinction and the need to acknowledge animal suffering. The conversation also delves into the obsession with egg collecting, revealing the dark history that contributed to the great auk's fate.
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Quick takeaways
The extinction of the Great Auk serves as a pivotal historical example illustrating the severe consequences of human activities on biodiversity.
Explorations in the 1850s revealed the growing awareness among naturalists of humanity's role in accelerating species extinction, reshaping conservation perspectives.
Deep dives
The Great Ork: A Brief History
The Great Ork was a flightless seabird that once thrived in the North Atlantic, roughly the size of a two-year-old child, resembling a penguin. Initially mistaken for penguins by European sailors due to their appearance, the Great Ork’s name is believed to derive from Welsh or Latin, showcasing the historical debates surrounding its etymology. Existing for thousands of years, these birds were found along coasts from Canada to parts of Europe but faced extinction by the 1860s primarily due to hunting. Their decline highlights human impact on biodiversity, particularly as they became known as desirable trophies among collectors.
The Factors Leading to Extinction
The extinction of the Great Ork was influenced by several intertwined factors, primarily overhunting by sailors and demand for its feathers in the 18th century fashion industry. Despite their initial widespread presence, their numbers dwindled significantly, confined to isolated breeding grounds in Newfoundland and two rocky islands near Iceland. A volcanic eruption destroyed one of their final habitats, leaving only Eldi, where efforts to locate the species ultimately failed. These birds became a tragedy of circumstance, as the very practices that should have ensured their protection contributed to their demise.
Human Encounters with the Great Ork
British ornithologists John Wolly and Alfred Newton undertook an expedition in the 1850s with hopes of finding the elusive Great Ork on Eldi Island. Their journey turned into a historical investigation when bad weather prevented them from reaching their destination, leading them to interview locals about the bird's status. This failure to find the Great Ork underscored the growing reality of species extinction and highlighted the role of humans in this phenomenon. Their expedition ultimately showcased a poignant turning point in the understanding of extinction at a time when naturalists grappled with the concept of humans as a significant factor in species loss.
Lessons on Conservation and Extinction
The extinction of the Great Ork and its historical context raised awareness among naturalists regarding the human impact on wildlife, contrasted with prior beliefs about the permanence of species. The timing alongside Darwin’s theories of evolution prompted a re-evaluation of extinction as a natural consequence of human activity, rather than an impossible scenario. The narrative offers a somber reflection on the moral responsibilities of scientists in their efforts to protect endangered species, revealing a tension between the desire for knowledge and the consequences of collecting. Today, the ongoing biodiversity crisis is framed within these historical lessons, emphasizing the urgent need for conservation measures in response to human-induced changes.
The great auk was a flightless, populous and reportedly delicious bird, once found widely across the rocky outcrops of the North Atlantic. By the 1860s it was extinct, its decline sharpened by specimen collectors and at least one volcanic eruption. Human-driven extinction was ‘almost unthinkable’ until the auk’s disappearance, Liam Shaw writes. He joins Tom to discuss when, where and why the great auk died out.