Francis Scarr from BBC's monitoring service analyzes Russian TV and social media. They discuss the influence of state media in Russia, the portrayal of WWII memory, the role of social media, and the consequences of spreading disliked messages in Russia.
State TV in Russia plays a significant role in shaping public opinion by promoting narratives of victimhood and anti-Western sentiment.
Social media platforms, despite attempts by the Russian authorities to control them, present a diverse and challenging landscape for the suppression or control of the war narrative.
Deep dives
Media landscape in Russia dominated by state TV
The media landscape in Russia has become increasingly narrow since the full-scale invasion last year, with about two-thirds of Russians getting most of their information from state TV. While there are newspapers and some independent websites that offer alternative perspectives, the laws passed after the invasion have made it almost impossible for them to operate within the country. Many independent outlets now report from outside of Russia, and reporting on the war in an objective manner is essentially illegal. State TV plays a significant role in shaping public opinion, promoting narratives of victimhood and anti-Western sentiment. While not all Russians believe everything they see on state TV, they often buy into the underlying messages perpetuated by the Kremlin.
Social media landscape in Russia and its complexities
Social media platforms, such as Telegram, have become an important space for voicing perspectives on the war in Ukraine. While some pro-Kremlin accounts promote jingoistic rhetoric, there are also war correspondents and military bloggers who criticize the government's handling of the war. The Russian authorities have attempted to control social media but have not been as effective as in countries like China. While platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter are technically banned, users can still access them through VPNs. Social media presents a nuanced landscape with diverse views, making it challenging for the authorities to completely suppress or control the narrative.
Consequences of spreading dissenting views and public opinion shift
After the invasion, laws were passed, making it illegal to spread dissenting views or criticize the armed forces and military operation. Violators can face fines and even imprisonment. These laws have been used more liberally against democratic opposition voices rather than nationalist voices. However, there appears to be a growing trend of Russians disengaging from the war and the media coverage surrounding it. While some constituencies strongly support or oppose the war, many Russians are becoming tired of it and choose to avoid the news, pretending it won't affect them. Redressing the information balance in Russia is challenging, as any messages from the West are easily twisted by the Russian authorities, and the battle for public opinion may be better fought in other arenas, such as diplomacy or economic sanctions.
On this week's big interview, Patrick speaks to Francis Scarr from the BBC's monitoring service, Francis is a member of its Russia team who analyse Russian TV and social media, and specialises in the TV political talk shows, which dominate the schedules. Francis shares his fascinating array of knowledge about the Russian media landscape and draws from his own personal experiences from years spent living in Moscow.
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