Professor Andra Ghent from the University of Utah discusses the origins of the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage and its impact on the housing market, including the lock-in effect. The podcast also delves into the FTC's scrutiny of pharmacy benefit managers and shares a travel lesson learned. Could the Danish mortgage model be a solution for the US?
The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage in the US creates a lock-in effect for homeowners with low rates.
Efforts to improve the housing market include easing building regulations and regulating pharmacy benefit managers.
Deep dives
Origins of the 30-year fixed mortgage in the US
The 30-year fixed mortgage, a common practice in the US, has roots dating back to the Great Depression. The residential mortgage system began with fully amortizing loans offered by building and loans, which later evolved with the creation of institutions like the FHA. These developments led to the standardized use of fixed-rate mortgages.
Advantages and disadvantages of fixed-rate mortgages
Fixed-rate mortgages offer stability to homeowners with fixed housing costs and the ability to refinance at lower rates. However, a downside emerges with a 'lock-in effect,' where homeowners with low rates are disincentivized to sell and buy new homes due to higher rates. This situation contributes to liquidity issues in the housing market and poses risks for financial institutions.
Proposed solutions for housing market challenges
Amid challenges in the housing market, solutions include promoting local housing supply by easing building regulations. Additionally, suggestions involve encouraging lenders to implement prepayment penalties to prevent homeowners from benefitting unequally. Efforts are also underway in states for legislative changes to improve regulation of pharmacy benefit managers.
The 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is as American as apple pie. But it wasn’t always this way, and it’s putting the housing market in a tough spot lately. A substantial amount of homeowners with low-rate mortgages are choosing to stay put in their homes rather than selling and buying a new one at higher rates. It’s created what’s known as a lock-in effect. On the show today, Andra Ghent, professor of finance at the University of Utah, explains how a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage became the norm in the United States, why it’s now putting the housing market in a bind, and how our mortgage system perpetuates inequality. Plus, could the Danish mortgage model work here?
Then, we’ll get into why the Federal Trade Commission is eyeing pharmacy benefit managers, the third-party companies that negotiate drug prices between health insurance providers and drugmakers. And, an editor at The Points Guy shares the story of a travel lesson learned.