Orthopedic surgeon Dr. Anthony Mikula from Mayo Clinic shares insights on neck pain evaluation, management, and surgical considerations. Topics include differentiating radiculopathy, myelopathy, and mechanical neck pain, indications for imaging, terminology like DISH and spondylolisthesis, physical examination for radiculopathy, interventions, and recognizing cervical myelopathy. Detailed discussions on diagnostic work-up, treatment options, surgical considerations, and the natural history of myelopathy are included.
Differentiate cervical radiculopathy from myelopathy based on distinct symptoms and imaging findings.
Emphasize conservative management for radiculopathy, reserving surgery for severe cases with neurological compromise.
Understand spinal terminology like spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, and spondylolysis to differentiate various spinal conditions.
Deep dives
Pathophysiology of Cervical Radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy occurs when nerves exiting the spinal cord get pinched due to reasons such as disc herniation or age-related degenerative changes. The pinched nerves can lead to pain that radiates down specific areas of the arm based on the affected nerve, along with weakness and altered reflexes in corresponding muscle groups.
Physical Examination for Radiculopathy
A focused physical examination for cervical radiculopathy includes assessing the pattern of pain, muscle weakness, and reflexes specific to each affected nerve level, like deltoid, biceps, triceps, grip strength, and finger movements. Clinical tests such as Spurling sign and shoulder abduction relief test can aid in confirming radiculopathy.
Imaging Considerations for Radiculopathy
In patients with suspected radiculopathy, imaging is typically not immediately necessary unless there are red flags like profound weakness or worsening symptoms over time. Reassurance and conservative management are recommended initially, with advanced imaging like MRI considered if symptoms persist or worsen after a significant period with conservative treatment.
Spondylosis, Spondylolisthesis, and Spondylolysis
Spondylosis refers to degenerative wear and tear of the spine, while spondylolisthesis is the slippage of a vertebra forward or backward. Spondylolysis involves pars fractures at L5 that can lead to vertebral slipping. These terms help differentiate various spinal conditions based on structural changes and their implications for pain and stability.
The Importance of Patient History in Diagnosing Myelopathy
Patient history plays a crucial role in diagnosing myelopathy. Recognizing symptoms like progressive clumsiness of hands, difficulty in fine motor activities, urinary hesitancy, and gait imbalance is key. An accurate assessment can differentiate between degenerative cervical myelopathy and common age-related issues. Understanding the progression of symptoms over time helps distinguish between normal aging and potential myelopathy, guiding appropriate diagnostic procedures and interventions.
Treatment Considerations and Surgical Options for Myelopathy Patients
For patients with myelopathy, timely referral for imaging and evaluation is essential. Surgical intervention becomes necessary to relieve spinal cord compression. Differentiating between mild, moderate, and severe myelopathy guides treatment decisions. Surgical outcomes show significant improvement in symptoms, with the best results seen in severe cases. Imaging findings like myelomalacia can indicate spinal cord damage, necessitating prompt intervention to prevent further neurological decline.
Protect your neck! Learn how to evaluate a patient with neck pain, and differentiate between mechanical neck pain, radiculopathy, and myelopathy. You’ll learn who should be reassured, who should see a surgeon, and what nonoperative options are available. We’re joined by Dr. Anthony Mikula @anthony_mikula from Mayo Clinic.
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