Learn about the hardships endured by English common people during the Norman invasion, their resistance against the nobles, the chaos and fear that engulfed England, the formation of the Silvetichi, the various groups involved in protests and rebellions, and Edwin's role in the 1068 rebellion.
The English commoners in the late 1060s suffered greatly due to the actions of the nobility and the arrival of the Normans, while their own aristocracy, who had caused their plight, hindered their resistance.
The rebellion against the Normans involved a mix of Silvetichi rebels, including opportunists, freedom fighters, and foreign mercenaries, making it difficult to distinguish between different groups as the rebellion grew.
Deep dives
The suffering of English commoners and their resistance against the Norman invasion
The English commoners in the late 1060s suffered greatly due to the actions of the nobility, particularly the arrival of the Normans. Despite their suffering, the commoners resisted the Norman invasion at every turn. However, their efforts were hampered by their own aristocracy, who had originally caused their plight. The Southern common folk, frustrated by the inaction of their nobility, turned to petty piracy. Meanwhile, the potential rallying point for resistance, Edgar the Atheling, was hiding in Scotland. Chaos and desperation were overtaking the whole of England, and rebellion and resistance were becoming more widespread.
The Silvetichi and their motivations in the rebellion
The Silvetichi, or Wildmen, were commoners and low-ranked nobles who took to the woods to launch ambushes and lay traps against the Normans. Sources differ on the motivations of the Silvetichi, with some describing them as freedom fighters and others as bandits. It is likely that there was a mix of opportunists, freedom fighters, and foreign mercenaries involved in the rebellion. Motivations may have shifted over time, and it becomes difficult to distinguish between different groups as the rebellion grew.
Edwin and Morcar's rebellion and the Northern Rebellion
Edwin and Morcar, two Saxon brothers, were initially allied with the Normans but eventually joined the rebellion. However, their involvement cannot be strictly attributed to the growth of the Northern Rebellion. The Northern Rebellion was a separate movement that was already well-established before Edwin's participation. The Northumbrians were rebelling against the Norman rule, resisting the imposition of taxes, and asserting their own authority. The Northumbrians were largely untouched by the Norman invasion and still held their military power, leading them to believe they could put up a fight against William's rule.
William's campaign to crush the rebellion and establish Norman rule
William led a relentless campaign to crush the rebellion and establish Norman control over England. He built a series of castles throughout the Midlands and the North, occupying major towns and terrorizing the countryside. The rebellion was effectively subdued, leading to the submission of Edwin and the establishment of Norman authority. The Northumbrians, previously intending to make a stand against William, welcomed him into the city and accepted their new Norman rulers. With the rebellion quelled, William felt secure enough to dismiss his army and return to Normandy.
I feel for the English commoners in the late 1060’s. They had nothing to do with the arrival of the Normans… everything they suffered was the result of the actions of the nobles. Exclusively.