Live from Chicago: Decoding China — China’s economic miracle interrupted?
Oct 19, 2023
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Chang-Tai Hsieh, Damien Ma, and Lizzi Lee discuss the state of the Chinese economy, the real estate sector's role in the crisis, management during times of crisis, a potential debt crisis in China, and the right US policy towards China.
China's economic challenges stem from a lack of confidence among households and resource misallocation in the housing sector.
The US should adopt a constructive approach towards China's economic troubles and recognize the interconnectedness of both countries' growth for global stability.
Deep dives
China's economic challenges and the need for resilience
China is currently facing economic challenges, including a pessimistic outlook and a lack of confidence among households. There has been a reallocation problem in the housing sector, leading to over-expansion and resource misallocation. The government needs to address this issue without doubling down on stimulus and exacerbating the problem. Lessons can be learned from China's previous reallocation programs, such as the 'grasp the large, let go of the small' program in 1998, which led to short-term pain but eventually allowed for the emergence of private firms and economic growth. The key is to find a balance between short-term pain and long-term structural adjustments to sustain growth. China's vision for the future involves resilience and a focus on becoming a leading manufacturing nation, attracting global supply chain ecosystems and exporting products globally.
The breakdown of trust in China's economic system
There is a growing sense of anxiety and unease in China, particularly among the middle class, as the reality they face does not align with their expectations. The breakdown of trust in the economic system stems from recent crackdowns on tech companies, lockdowns, and the potential risk to family wealth tied to the property market. The gap between expectations and reality has left many disillusioned and uncertain about the country's direction. This crisis of confidence is not only limited to distant economists or reporters, but also among average Chinese households. The lack of clear signals and mixed messages from the leadership further contributes to confusion and amplifies the crisis of confidence.
The implications of China's local debt crisis
China is facing a significant local debt crisis, with an estimated $5 trillion of local debt at risk of default in the next three years. This represents over 20% of China's projected GDP in 2023. The property sector is particularly vulnerable, with potential spillover effects on financial institutions. The combination of local financing vehicles and shadow banking has created a risk in the system. The breakdown of the informal contract between entrepreneurs and the government, which provided a sense of security for property rights, further exacerbates the crisis. The implications of a debt crisis in China could impact global economic stability, and the US should consider how to provide support and stability as the two countries are interdependent.
US policy considerations in China's economic challenges
The US should take a wise approach to its policy towards China's economic challenges. Rather than rooting for China's failure, the US should recognize that both countries' economic growth is interconnected and support efforts to maintain stability. A global economic slowdown would affect all major economies, including the US. The US should focus on its own strength and priorities, searching for ways to strengthen itself rather than making China look weak or bad. By engaging in constructive dialogue and recognizing shared interests, the US can contribute to global economic stability and find ways to address the challenges posed by China's economic troubles.
This week on Sinica, a live recording from October 10 in Chicago, Kaiser asks Chang-Tai Hsieh of the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago, Damien Ma of the Paulson Institute’s think tank MacroPolo, and our own Lizzi Lee, host of The Signal with Lizzi Lee, to right-size the peril that the Chinese economy now faces from slow consumer demand, high youth unemployment, a troubled real estate sector, and high levels of local government debt. This event was co-sponsored by the University of Chicago’s Becker-Friedman Institute, the Paulson Institute, and The China Project.
06:32 – What is the current state of the Chinese economy?
11:14 – The origins of China’s crisis in comparison to crises from 1990 in Japan and 2008 in the U.S.
14:25 – Real estate sector’s role in the crisis and possible solutions
22:51 – The significance of able management during times of crisis. Is this a crisis of confidence or expectations?
29:34 – The question of the general direction of the Chinese economy
43:33 – What does an actual debt crisis look like in China?
48:00 – The right U.S. policy towards China in light of current affairs
The complete transcript of the show is now in the main podcast page for the episode!