Dr Julia Leikin and comedian David Mitchell join Greg Jenner to discuss the life of Catherine II of Russia, exploring her contradictions as a German princess who became empress of Russia, her belief in Enlightenment philosophy despite imperial expansion, and her sexual openness in the patriarchal eighteenth century. They delve into her rise to power, her reign and legacy, and the controversies surrounding her policies in Ukraine.
Catherine the Great embraced Enlightenment ideas and sought to modernize Russia, implementing educational reforms, colonization of Alaska, and cultural patronage.
Catherine the Great's reign was marked by controversies and propaganda, including allegations of bestiality, but her legacy as a powerful and influential ruler endures.
Catherine's coup in 1762 allowed her to quickly solidify her authority and implement various domestic policies to improve the lives of the Russian population.
Deep dives
Catherine the Great's Rise to Power
Catherine the Great, originally Princess Sophia of Anhalt-Zerbst, was a German princess who married Peter III and became Empress of Russia. Although Peter was not a suitable match and their marriage was unhappy, Catherine managed to gain support and build alliances throughout Peter's reign. After Peter's short and ineffective rule, Catherine orchestrated a coup to take power and establish herself as the ruler of Russia. She faced internal rebellions and external conflicts, such as wars with the Ottoman Empire. Despite these challenges, Catherine expanded the Russian Empire and implemented both domestic and foreign policies that shaped the country's trajectory.
Catherine the Great's Enlightened Despotism
Catherine the Great embraced Enlightenment ideas and sought to modernize Russia. She corresponded with Enlightenment thinkers like Denis Diderot and attempted to govern with principles of reason and progress. However, she also recognized the political limitations and pragmatically navigated the realities of ruling a vast empire. Catherine's enlightened policies included educational reforms, colonization of Alaska, and cultural patronage, but were also tempered by political considerations and maintaining her own power.
The Controversies and Propaganda Surrounding Catherine the Great
Catherine the Great faced significant controversies and propaganda throughout her reign. These included allegations of bestiality, such as the infamous rumor of an affair with a horse, which were intended to undermine her reputation and accomplishments. The European and American press often portrayed her in a negative light, highlighting her promiscuity and imperialistic ambitions. Despite these challenges, Catherine's legacy as a powerful and influential ruler of Russia endures, with her reign marked by expansion, modernization, and significant cultural contributions.
Catherine's Rise to Power
Catherine's coup in 1762 led to her proclamation as Empress of Russia, overthrowing Peter III in just eight days. With the support of elite army regiments and the clergy, she quickly solidified her authority and was crowned Empress at the Moscow Kremlin. Catherine's manifesto accused Peter of endangering Russia's traditions and military glory, emphasizing her association with Russia.
Domestic Policies and Socioeconomic Challenges
Catherine implemented various domestic policies during her reign, including legal reforms, provincial reform, establishment of welfare boards, and educational initiatives. She aimed to improve the lives of the Russian population, particularly the serfs, who were bound to estates and faced harsh living conditions. Despite her efforts, the institution of serfdom remained a significant political and economic question in Catherine's Russia.
In the first episode of a new series, Greg Jenner is joined by Dr Julia Leikin and comedian David Mitchell to learn all about the life of Catherine II of Russia, better known as Catherine the Great. Catherine’s story is full of contradictions and ambiguities. She was a German princess who became empress of all Russia, a ruler who believed in Enlightenment philosophy but championed imperial expansion, and a sexually open woman in the patriarchal eighteenth century. From her childhood in Germany through her marriage to the heir to the Russian throne and eventual coup against his rule, this episode charts the twists and turns of Catherine’s life, and asks what kind of ruler she really was.
Hosted by: Greg Jenner
Research by: Jon Mason
Written by: Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow, Emma Nagouse, and Greg Jenner
Produced by: Emmie Rose Price-Goodfellow and Greg Jenner
Audio Producer: Steve Hankey
Senior Producer: Emma Nagouse
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