#28 - Timur Kuran

In this book, Francis Fukuyama argues that a stable democratic society is built on three main components: a strong and capable state, the rule of law, and accountability mechanisms. He explores the evolution of these traits through various historical cultures, from the emergence of tribal societies to the development of modern states in China, India, and Europe. Fukuyama draws on a vast body of knowledge including history, evolutionary biology, archaeology, and economics to provide fresh insights on the origins of democratic societies and the challenges they face. The book also examines the roles of violence and religion in shaping political order and highlights the importance of balancing state power with social forces to achieve accountability and stability.

In *Weapons of the Weak*, James C. Scott explores the subtle, everyday forms of resistance employed by peasants in a Malaysian village. The book focuses on the strategies such as sabotage, foot-dragging, and false compliance used by villagers to resist exploitation. Scott's work highlights the importance of understanding these quiet forms of resistance as a crucial aspect of class struggle.

In *Private Truths, Public Lies*, Timur Kuran argues that preference falsification—the act of misrepresenting one's wants under perceived social pressures—is ubiquitous and has profound social and political consequences. Drawing on diverse intellectual traditions, Kuran provides a unified theory of how preference falsification shapes collective decisions, orients structural change, sustains social stability, distorts human knowledge, and conceals political possibilities. The book explores various social phenomena, including the fall of communism, the caste system in India, and affirmative action in the United States, highlighting how minor events can trigger massive and unanticipated changes when public support for a policy or regime is largely contrived.