Monad: The EVM-Compatible 10,000 TPS L1 Blockchain - Keone Hon
Dec 18, 2024
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Keone Hon, Co-founder and CEO of Monad Labs, dives into the groundbreaking design of Monad's EVM-compatible L1 blockchain, capable of processing over 10,000 transactions per second. He discusses the transition from traditional finance to decentralized trading, emphasizing the challenges of NFT trading. Keone outlines Monad's unique execution and consensus optimizations, including its use of asynchronous execution and MonadDB for efficient state storage. He also explores scalability, community engagement, and the innovative proposer-builder separation to enhance transaction efficiency.
Monad combines the benefits of high throughput and decentralization by employing optimistic parallel execution to achieve over 10,000 TPS.
The innovative MonadDB architecture directly correlates state representation with disk locations, enhancing data retrieval efficiency and overall system performance.
Monad's engaging community initiatives, like the Monad Madness pitch competition, foster collaboration and innovation among developers in its ecosystem.
Deep dives
Performance Enhancements in EVM Execution
The primary goal of Monad is to significantly enhance the performance of Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) execution while maintaining a highly decentralized block production environment. By adopting a consensus mechanism that can cater to high throughput, Monad is poised to process thousands of transactions per second. In comparison, whereas traditional systems like Ethereum typically handle around 10 transactions per second, Monad is engineered to support over 10,000 transactions per second using standard hardware requirements. This advancement is rooted in Monad's design philosophy, which aims to optimize EVM execution while facilitating broader decentralization efforts.
Innovative Parallel Execution Strategies
Monad introduces a groundbreaking technique termed optimistic parallel execution that enhances transaction throughput without compromising the integrity of state changes. In this framework, transactions are processed in parallel, thereby improving operational efficiency, while a bookkeeping mechanism ensures that any discrepancies are rectified through subsequent serial executions. This approach allows Monad to harness greater computational capacity by processing multiple transactions simultaneously while maintaining correct state transitions. Such innovative execution strategies place Monad in a unique position relative to other blockchains, highlighting its emphasis on both performance and reliability.
Database Optimization with MonadDB
Monad employs a custom database solution, MonadDB, which enhances data retrieval efficiency by eliminating redundant layers in its architecture. Unlike Ethereum's reliance on a Merkle tree embedded within separate databases, MonadDB native construction directly correlates state representation with physical disk locations. This consolidation reduces lookup complexity and maximizes throughput, allowing for concurrent read operations that facilitate parallel transaction execution. As a result, MonadDB not only streamlines data access but also synergizes with Monad's architectural improvements, propelling overall system performance.
Consensus Mechanism and Asynchronous Execution
Monad's innovative consensus mechanism, based on a pipelined two-phase approach known as Monad BFT, provides efficient communication as the number of nodes scales. This mechanism supports a substantial number of validators with quick, single-slot finality, enhancing transaction bridging times compared to alternatives like Solana, which may require longer waiting periods for finality. Additionally, the decoupling of consensus from execution through asynchronous execution allows for independent operation, thereby maximizing the computation budget available for executing transactions. This architectural choice not only accelerates throughput but also reinforces Monad's commitment to decentralization and high performance.
Community Engagement and Builder Support
Monad has fostered an engaged and enthusiastic community that plays a pivotal role in its growth and adoption. By creating an environment that supports developers and builders, Monad has seen increased interest from diverse stakeholders eager to participate in its ecosystem. Events such as the Monad Madness pitch competition have provided platforms for developers to showcase their projects, attract funding, and cultivate community connections. Such community-driven initiatives are essential for driving innovation and ensuring a collaborative environment conducive to the development of decentralized applications on the Monad network.
The status quo for developers choosing an ecosystem for their blockchain usually revolves around trade-offs: do they go for Ethereum’s network effect, liquidity and decentralisation, or sacrifice some features in favour of a higher throughput. Monad aims to combine the best of both worlds, while not being limited by excessive hardware requirements. Monad built an EVM-compatible L1 from the ground up, completely rethinking execution and consensus, in order to achieve the infamous 10,000 TPS. This extreme scalability is made possible through Monad’s optimistic parallel execution which is asynchronous from consensus. The latter has also been optimized in order to achieve single-slot finality. Monad’s proprietary database architecture allows for states to be stored on SSDs instead of RAM, which ensures that consumer-grade hardware can run a Monad node, further increasing decentralisation.
Gnosis: Gnosis builds decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem, since 2015. This year marks the launch of Gnosis Pay— the world's first Decentralized Payment Network. Get started today at - gnosis.io
Chorus1: Chorus1 is one of the largest node operators worldwide, supporting more than 100,000 delegators, across 45 networks. The recently launched OPUS allows staking up to 8,000 ETH in a single transaction. Enjoy the highest yields and institutional grade security at - chorus.one
This episode is hosted by Brian Fabian Crain.
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