This week on the podcast, Sabine Stanley, Professor of planetary physics at Johns Hopkins University and author of the book 'What's Hidden Inside Planets?', discusses the amazing things that lie beneath the surfaces of planets. Topics include studying planetary interiors, mantle blobs, plate tectonics on Mars, seismic activity and composition of planets, Jupiter's interior structure, and exploring the internal workings of gas giants and ice giants. The podcast also touches on NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program and the naming origins of space shuttles.
Mercury's large iron core was formed through a collision early in its formation.
Studying Venus' interior is challenging due to the lack of seismology, slow rotation, and absence of a magnetic field.
Jupiter does not have a distinct solid core and instead has a fuzzy core that blends with its outer gas layers, challenging traditional models.
Deep dives
Mercury's Giant Core
Mercury has a large core relative to its size due to a possible collision early in its formation that stripped away its mantle. This collision blew off the rocky layer and left behind a large iron core.
Venus: The Challenging Planet
Venus presents difficulties in studying its interior due to the lack of seismology, its slow rotation, and absence of a magnetic field. These factors make it challenging to use typical techniques to understand its internal workings.
Insights from Mars
The InSight mission detected Mars quakes, providing evidence of ongoing tectonic activity. Seismic waves also allowed scientists to determine the size and density of Mars' core. The core is slightly larger than expected, and its lower density raises questions about the lighter elements present in the core.
The Fuzzy Core of Jupiter
Juno mission data suggests that Jupiter doesn't have a solid core as predicted. Instead, its core is fuzzy, blending with the outer gas layers. This challenges the traditional model of a distinct rocky core and gaseous envelope.
Jupiter's Interior: Rocks Dissolving into Gassy Layer
Under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, rocks and gases mix to form a fluid-like substance, suggesting that the rocky layer of Jupiter has dissolved into the gassy layer in its interior. Alternatively, impacts from rocky bodies may have contributed to the accumulation of rock in the gassy layers of the planet.
Hydrogen and Metallic Properties in Jupiter's Interior
The majority of Jupiter's interior is likely composed of liquid metallic hydrogen. Under high pressure, hydrogen molecules break apart, allowing the hydrogen nuclei to join and creating metallic properties. This metallic hydrogen region is responsible for generating Jupiter's strong magnetic field.
Venture into the hearts of worlds and uncover how we study planetary interiors this week on Planetary Radio. Sabine Stanley, professor of planetary physics at Johns Hopkins University and author of the new book "What's Hidden Inside Planets?" discusses some of the amazing things that lie under the surfaces of the worlds in our Solar System. But first, Mat Kaplan, senior communications advisor at The Planetary Society, gives an update on the first Commercial Lunar Payload Services mission and the timeline for NASA's Artemis program. We close out this show with Bruce Betts, our chief scientist, as he shares information on our new book, "Casting Shadows: Solar and Lunar Eclipses with The Planetary Society."