#379 – Randall Kennedy: The N-Word – History of Race, Law, Politics, and Power
May 24, 2023
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Randall Kennedy, a Harvard Law professor and author, dives into the complex history of the N-word, tracing its evolution and the societal perceptions surrounding it. He discusses the power of language and its impact on culture, advocating for mindful communication. The conversation touches on freedom of speech and its implications in academia, especially at institutions like Harvard. Kennedy also engages with critical race theory, examining systemic racism in policing and the nuances of affirmative action, all while reflecting on the ongoing struggle for racial equality.
Understanding the history and evolution of the N-word illuminates its impact and significance in contemporary society.
The controversy surrounding Randall Kennedy's book on the N-word showcases the debates and consequences it has generated, particularly in educational settings.
Recognizing the different uses and contexts of the N-word highlights its power to either perpetuate racial injustice or provoke meaningful conversations about racism.
Balancing freedom of speech and responsible usage of controversial words is crucial for creating a more inclusive and loving society.
Acknowledging and addressing the deep-rooted presence of racism in America is essential, while also recognizing the progress made towards a more racially just society.
Deep dives
The History of the N-Word
The conversation explores the history of the N-word, tracing its etymology and its transition from being a descriptive term to a derogatory slur.
Controversy and Impact of the Book
The podcast discusses the controversy surrounding Randall Kennedy's book, 'N-Word: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word,' and the impact it has had, including generating debates, requests for expert witness testimonies, and consequences for teachers using excerpts from the book in their classrooms.
Different Uses and Contexts of the N-Word
The speaker highlights the importance of understanding the different uses and contexts of the N-word, citing examples of artists and entertainers who have used the word to either put down or provoke conversations about racial injustice and history.
Freedom of Speech and Education
The conversation explores the balance between freedom of speech and censorship, particularly in educational settings, and debates the importance of knowledge, understanding, and responsible usage of controversial words to create a more loving and inclusive society.
The Depth of American Racism
American racism is more central, deeply embedded, and pervasive than most people perceive. It is a force in American life that is deep, stubborn, and resilient. Some critical race theory proponents argue that America will always be governed according to the dictates of white supremacy, while others believe that significant changes have been made. The speaker disagrees with the position that racism is permanent and highlights the progress made, such as the second reconstruction and the election of a black president.
Police and Racial Discrimination
African Americans have historically experienced under-protection and racial discrimination in the criminal justice system. This leads to a lack of trust and grievances against the police. The speaker acknowledges the importance of good policing and the difficult job that police officers have. However, accountability is emphasized, as many instances of misconduct and lack of transparency are present, leading to a lack of faith in the legal system. The need for police to protect all citizens equally is highlighted to overcome racial injustice.
Affirmative Action and its Criticisms
Affirmative action is defended and criticized for various reasons. Justifications include reparative justice to address past racial injustice, distributive justice for creating a more integrated society, and diversity for pedagogical benefits. However, affirmative action can lead to stigma, where the competency of beneficiaries is questioned, and resentment from those who feel disadvantaged. These factors contribute to social tensions and shape individual perspectives and attitudes towards racial issues.
The Division and Struggle for Human Rights in America
The podcast episode explores the idea that division and struggle, particularly in terms of racial relations, have played a significant role in making America a great nation. The speaker suggests that the very division between white and black populations, and the subsequent fight for human rights, have led to the discovery of what it means to be human, justice, and freedom. Examples like Frederick Douglass and Martin Luther King Jr. are discussed to illustrate how overcoming adversity and challenging racial inequality have contributed to the greatness of the nation.
Affirmative Action and the Complexity of Meritocracy
Another topic covered in the podcast is affirmative action and its role in addressing racial disparities in opportunities. The speaker explains that affirmative action refers to efforts by institutions to provide assistance and boost opportunities for racial minorities. The discussion highlights the various reasons behind implementing affirmative action, such as reparative justice and creating a more diverse and enriching society. The importance of recognizing gaps and working towards equality while appreciating the value of meritocracy is emphasized. The speaker also challenges notions that dismiss the differences in opportunities and criticizes denialism that undermines the importance of acknowledging and addressing racism.
Randall Kennedy is a law professor at Harvard and author of many seminal books on race, law, history, culture, and politics. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(06:11) – The N-word
(41:55) – The three N-words
(1:08:28) – Education
(1:21:31) – Critical race theory
(1:32:05) – Racism and policing
(1:39:25) – Racial profiling
(2:08:57) – Racism in US history
(2:26:55) – Affirmative action
(3:10:22) – Martin Luther King Jr.
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