

Emma Ashford, "First Among Equals: U. S. Foreign Policy in a Multipolar World" (Yale UP, 2025)
Oct 5, 2025
Emma Ashford, a foreign policy scholar and author of First Among Equals, presents a fresh perspective on U.S. grand strategy in today's multipolar world. She critiques the failures of past U.S. approaches, advocating for a realist internationalism that prioritizes pragmatic interests. Ashford explores how shifting political dynamics influence foreign policy decisions and argues for a phased U.S. withdrawal from Europe to focus resources on the Indo-Pacific, while still emphasizing strong relations with key allies like Europe and Latin America.
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Unipolar Era Fueled Transformative Failures
- The post‑1991 unipolar moment produced transformative U.S. policies aimed at remaking the world.
- Those ambitious projects repeatedly failed and eroded public and elite support for crusading foreign policy.
2016 Debate Line As A Symbolic Turn
- Emma Ashford cites Donald Trump's 2015-2016 debate line that Iraq was a mistake as a symbolic turning point.
- She uses it to show public and elite sentiment shifting against interventionist consensus by mid‑2010s.
Unbalanced Multipolarity Shapes Strategy
- Current global polarity looks like 'unbalanced multipolarity' with the U.S. and China leading and many capable second‑tier powers below.
- Those middle powers (UK, Japan, Russia, Korea, Australia) will be crucial partners or obstacles in future strategy.