William T. Taylor, "Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History" (U California Press, 2024)
Sep 29, 2024
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William T. Taylor, an archaeozoologist with a focus on human-animal relationships, takes us on a fascinating journey exploring the profound connections between horses and humanity. He discusses how horses helped shape globalization, trade, and even social inequality across civilizations. Taylor shares personal stories from his ranching upbringing in Montana and unveils archaeological findings that illuminate horses' roles in culture and art. He also examines the impact of horses on colonial resistance and their importance in contemporary societies.
William T. Taylor emphasizes the transformative role of horses in shaping trade, societal structures, and human cultures across civilizations.
The podcast discusses the multi-species framework of horse domestication, highlighting broader ecological interactions that influenced agricultural development.
Deep dives
William Taylor's Background and Motivation
William Taylor, an archaeozoologist, shares his fascination with the domestication of horses, which is deeply rooted in his personal history growing up in Montana with cowboy influences. Despite this connection, he initially had little hands-on experience with horses until his work in Mongolia, where he assisted in excavating a 2,500-year-old horse burial. This experience not only helped him connect with ancient horse cultures but also motivated him to delve into the complex human-horse dynamic through a scientific lens. His book, "Hoof Beats," aims to update the understanding of this relationship, leveraging new advancements in molecular sciences and archaeological techniques.
Research Scope and Global Community
Taylor's book explores the broad historical scope of horses around the globe, reflecting his own journey as a researcher. He conducted initial work in Mongolia and later collaborated with a global network of scientists focused on horse archaeology. Through discussions at conferences and cross-disciplinary partnerships, he pieced together insights about horse cultures in various regions, including North and South America, Asia, and Europe. This collaborative approach highlights the interconnectedness of horse domestication and its global implications across different cultures.
Horse Domestication and Human Relationships
In Taylor's exploration of horse domestication, he emphasizes that this process also involves understanding broader interactions between multiple species, including plants and other domesticated animals. Horses were domesticated at a crucial point during the development of agricultural societies in Western Asia, in tandem with the domestication of other animals and grains. This indicates that human-horse relationships were not isolated but part of a larger ecological and cultural transformation. He critiques previous narratives of horse domestication as oversimplified and encourages viewing it through a multi-species framework.
The Global Impact of Horses
Taylor examines the profound impact of horses in shaping societies, including their role in the rise and fall of ancient civilizations. He discusses how the integration of horses into different cultures facilitated trade, military conflict, and exploration across continents. Despite their initial association with colonial narratives, he highlights that horses significantly contributed to indigenous autonomy in the Americas. The recent history of horses showcases a complex relationship between human innovation, changing technologies, and the environment, illustrating their enduring significance in various cultural contexts today.
From the Rockies to the Himalayas, the bond between horses and humans has spanned across time and civilizations. In this archaeological journey, William T. Taylor explores how momentous events in the story of humans and horses helped create the world we live in today. Tracing the horse's origins and spread from the western Eurasian steppes to the invention of horse-drawn transportation and the explosive shift to mounted riding, Taylor offers a revolutionary new account of how horses altered the course of human history.
Drawing on Indigenous perspectives, ancient DNA, and new research from Mongolia to the Great Plains and beyond, Taylor guides readers through the major discoveries that have placed the horse at the origins of globalization, trade, biological exchange, and social inequality. Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History(U California Press, 2024) transforms our understanding of both horses and humanity's ancient past and asks us to consider what our relationship with horses means for the future of humanity and the world around us.
Sarah Newman is an archaeologist and Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Chicago. Her research explores long-term human-environmental interactions, including questions of waste and reuse, processes of landscape transformation, and relationships between humans and other animals.