Monopoly's origins include a critique of capitalism by Lizzie McGee, advocating for wealth distribution.
Charles Darrow's false narrative of Monopoly's invention overshadowed Lizzie McGee's anti-capitalist message in the game design.
Deep dives
The Origins of Monopoly
Monopoly, a game known for its depiction of wealth and power, traces its origins back to a critique of capitalism by a young woman named Lizzie McGee. Inspired by the ideas of Henry George, Lizzie created the landlord's game in 1904, an early version of Monopoly with dual rule sets - one supporting monopolies and the other advocating for wealth distribution. Despite not profiting from her invention, Lizzie's game laid the groundwork for what would become the popular Monopoly game we know today.
Charles Darrow and Monopoly's Rise
Charles Darrow, a practical engineer, learned to play Monopoly from friends and later claimed to have invented the game. After failed attempts to market it to major game companies, Darrow's game found success with Parker Brothers during the Great Depression. Marketed with a fabricated Cinderella story, Monopoly appealed to Americans during tough economic times, becoming a bestseller and a symbol of the American dream.
Legacy and Reception
While Charles Darrow's false narrative of Monopoly's invention gained widespread acceptance, Lizzie McGee's role in creating the game was largely forgotten. Despite her passionate anti-capitalist message inherent in the game's design, Lizzie's legacy was overshadowed by Darrow's fabricated story. Monopoly, once a symbol of wealth and success, evolved into a critique of capitalism, embraced by movements like Occupy Wall Street, reshaping its significance in society.
Monopoly is one of the best-selling board games in history.
The game's staying power may in part be because of strong American lore — the idea that anyone, with just a little bit of cash, can rise from rags to riches. Mary Pilon, author of The Monopolists: Obsession, Fury, and the Scandal Behind the World's Favorite Board Game. But there's another origin story – a very different one that promotes a very different image of capitalism. (And with two sets of starkly different rules.) That story shows how a critique of capitalism grew from a seed of an idea in a rebellious young woman's mind into a game legendary for its celebration of wealth at all costs.
This episode was made in collaboration with NPR's Throughline. For more about the origin story of Monopoly, listen to their original episode Do Not Pass Go.
This episode was produced by Emma Peaslee, mastered by Natasha Branch, and edited by Jess Jiang.
The Throughline episode was produced by Rund Abdelfatah, Ramtin Arablouei, Lawrence Wu, Laine Kaplan-Levenson, Julie Caine, Victor Yvellez, Anya Steinberg, Yolanda Sangweni, Casey Miner, Cristina Kim, Devin Katayama, and Amiri Tulloch. It was fact-checked by Kevin Volkl and mixed by Josh Newell.