Understanding Perioperative Hypersensitivity Reactions

Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions, which are allergic reactions that occur during or after surgery, can be severe and potentially life-threatening. These reactions are often IgE-mediated, involving the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils upon re-exposure to an allergen. However, there are other pathways and triggers involved in these reactions beyond IgE. Anaphylaxis, a type of severe allergic reaction, is the most concerning and requires immediate treatment with epinephrine, fluids, and other medications. While triptase testing is commonly used to confirm anaphylaxis, it has limitations and is not always conclusive. Allergy testing, including skin testing and specific IgE testing, can help identify the culprit allergen but may not always yield definitive results. Future research aims to improve diagnostic methods and develop personalized approaches to prevent perioperative hypersensitivity reactions.