How Did We Get the Bible We Have Today? (with Michael Kruger)
Nov 2, 2023
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Michael Kruger, an internationally known New Testament scholar, discusses the formation of the New Testament canon and the confidence we have in the books we have today. They explore the evolution of the canon discussion, the debate over including certain books, the role of the Holy Spirit in recognizing the canon, addressing doubts about the New Testament content, and recommended resources to understand the reliability of the Bible.
The formation of the New Testament canon was not a top-down decision but an organic process based on the recognition of apostolic authority.
The study of the canon of scripture has seen a growing interest, especially from evangelical perspectives, resulting in an expanding knowledge and contribution by evangelicals.
Deep dives
Formation of the New Testament Canon
The podcast episode explores the process of how the New Testament canon was formed. It discusses the questions of how the Bible we have today came to be, who decided which books were included, and on what basis. The guest, Dr. Mike Kruger, a New Testament scholar, shares his personal journey into studying the New Testament canon and highlights the importance of understanding its formation. It emphasizes the connection between the authorship of the books and their recognition as authoritative, as the books were written by those authorized to speak for Jesus. The overall message is that the formation of the New Testament canon was not a top-down decision, but rather an organic process guided by the recognition of apostolic authority.
Increased Interest in the Canon
The podcast also discusses the changing landscape of canon studies. It highlights the growing interest in the study of the canon of scripture, especially from evangelical perspectives. This increased interest is attributed to various factors, including the discovery of new manuscripts and the involvement of a new generation of scholars. It is noted that more evangelicals are contributing to the study of the canon, which is seen as beneficial for the church. The episode portrays the evolving discussion and expansion of knowledge regarding the canon over the past few decades.
Recent Manuscript Discovery
The episode mentions a recent manuscript discovery that sparked attention and discussion within the academic community. The manuscript, known as P52 5575 from the Oxyrhynchus Papyri collection, contains a mixture of synoptic material and possible Gospel of Thomas material. It is noteworthy because of its early dating to the second century. While the manuscript's content is interesting, it is clarified that similar phenomena of mixing canonical and apocryphal material were common in the second century. The conclusion drawn is that these mixtures do not pose a threat to the credibility of the New Testament scriptures. The discovery is seen as providing further insight into the diverse yet recognized body of early Christian literature.
The Narrative of Canon Formation
The podcast delves into the narrative of the formation of the New Testament canon. It contrasts two competing narratives: the top-down version and the more historically supported bottom-up version. The top-down version suggests that the books were chosen and imposed on the church by ecclesiastical authorities or councils. In contrast, the bottom-up version highlights that the recognition of the books was inherent in their early reception and usage within the Christian community. The podcast emphasizes that the canon was not a later committee decision, but rather had a firm foundation from the apostles themselves who were authorized by Jesus to speak for Him. It underlines that the formation of the canon was a natural outgrowth of the authoritative voices recognized within the early church.
How did we get the specific books of Bible that we hold in our hands today? Who decided and on what basis? How was the New Testament originally formed? How can we have confidence we have the right books today? These are just a few of the questions Scott discusses with our guest, Dr. Michael Kruger, one of the leading contemporary NT scholars who specializing in the formation of the NT canon.
Dr. Michael Kruger is an internationally known New Testament scholar, President and Samuel C. Patterson Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at Reformed Theological Seminary, Charlotte campus. He is the author of 11 books and numerous articles and blogs regularly on his site, Canon Fodder.
Think Biblically: Conversations on Faith and Culture is a podcast from Talbot School of Theology at Biola University, which offers degrees both online and on campus in Southern California.
To submit comments, ask questions, or make suggestions on issues you'd like us to cover or guests you'd like us to have on the podcast, email us at thinkbiblically@biola.edu.
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