Rebecca Henschke, a BBC journalist known for her investigative work on the Myanmar resistance, joins Soe Win Than, editor of the BBC's Burmese service, to discuss the changing dynamics of Myanmar's military and the rise of a potent resistance movement. They delve into how young activists, driven by a crushed political landscape, have taken up arms and adopted guerrilla warfare. Insights on the role of spies, aptly dubbed 'watermelons,' reveal their strategic importance in undermining military operations. Despite victories, the path to freedom remains fraught with challenges.
Myanmar's military now controls less than a quarter of the country, showcasing the effectiveness of the resistance movement led by young activists.
The emergence of spies known as 'watermelon' soldiers has enhanced the rebel forces' intelligence-gathering capabilities, challenging military authority from within.
Deep dives
Aung San Suu Kyi's Fall from Grace
Aung San Suu Kyi was initially celebrated as a symbol of hope and democracy in Myanmar after decades of military oppression, earning international acclaim, including the Nobel Peace Prize. However, her tenure as leader revealed troubling concessions to the military, which turned her into an international pariah as she appeared complicit in the military's brutal actions against the Rohingya population. Even as atrocities were highlighted by global watchdogs, she downplayed the situation, stating that the term 'ethnic cleansing' was too strong to describe the military's actions. Ultimately, her government was overthrown in a coup in 2021, leading to her imprisonment and the reinstatement of a harsh military regime.
The Courage of Myanmar's Citizens
The military coup in 2021 sparked widespread outrage and resistance among the Myanmar population, with citizens, particularly the youth, organizing massive protests to demand the restoration of democracy. These protestors displayed remarkable bravery as many demonstrated unarmed against a formidable military force known for its human rights abuses. Despite facing violent crackdowns and live ammunition, protests continued for months, showcasing a population unwilling to accept military rule. However, as the crackdown intensified, many protestors fled urban areas to join ethnic armed groups in the jungle, taking up arms to fight back against the regime.
Innovative Resistance Movement
Joined by diverse young people from various backgrounds, the resistance movement has adapted to the conflict by employing innovative tactics and technology in their fight against the military regime. New recruits, initially untrained in warfare, have rapidly learned survival skills in the jungle, even fashioning their own weapons and utilizing drones in combat. The emergence of secretive 'watermelon' soldiers, who appear loyal to the military while providing intelligence to the rebels, has further bolstered the resistance's capabilities. The determination of young leaders, like Dewa, coupled with strategic successes in guerrilla-style warfare, has fueled a sense of hope, indicating that an effective grassroots resistance is actively challenging the military's authority.
A new BBC investigation has found that Myanmar's once-formidable military now controls less than a quarter of the country's territory. The surging resistance movement has been fuelled by young pro-democracy activists who fled to jungle camps following a brutal crackdown by the ruling junta in 2021. As the BBC witnesses the activities of one key militia group up close, we reveal their secret weapon — spies who are bringing down the army from the inside.
On today's episode, Lucy Hockings is joined by BBC Burmese editor Soe Win Than and Rebecca Henschke, one of the journalists behind the investigation. They recount the events which inspired these fighters and explain why, despite their success, victory still feels a long way off.
To listen to the full investigation, search for The Documentary wherever you get your BBC podcasts.
The Global Story brings you trusted insights from BBC journalists worldwide. We want your ideas, stories and experiences to help us understand and tell #TheGlobalStory. Email us at theglobalstory@bbc.com You can also message us or leave a voice note via WhatsApp on +44 330 123 9480.
Producers: Laurie Kalus and Annie Brown
Sound engineers: Ben Andrews and Mike Regaard
Assistant editor: Sergi Forcada Freixas
Senior news editor: Sara Wadeson
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