233. Marrow’s Most Wanted- An Approach to Pancytopenia
Apr 14, 2024
auto_awesome
Dr. Laura Habib, a Hematologist-Oncologist, and Dr. Natasha Nathoo, an Internist, discuss the approach to pancytopenia. They cover topics like causes of pancytopenia, comprehensive evaluation, treatment options for Myelodysplastic Syndrome, and the importance of addressing underlying issues for effective management.
Pancytopenia can stem from various causes like malignancies, infections, and medications.
Diagnosis of pancytopenia involves comprehensive assessment, CBC, coagulation studies, and further testing based on suspicion.
Deep dives
Overview of Hematopoiesis and Pancytopenia
Hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow, giving rise to various blood cell types like thrombocytes, erythrocytes, and neutrophils. Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into progenitor cells under the influence of growth factors like EPO, TPO, and GCSF. Pancytopenia, characterized by low levels of hemoglobin, platelets, and white blood cells, can result from diverse underlying issues such as malignancies, infections, immune destruction, nutritional deficiencies, and medications.
Diagnostic Approach and Treatment of Pancytopenia
Diagnosing pancytopenia involves a thorough assessment of symptoms, medication history, and physical examination. Laboratory tests like CBC, coagulation studies, and peripheral blood smear are essential. Further testing may include iron studies, viral serologies, autoimmune assays, and imaging guided by suspicion. Treatment focuses on stabilizing the patient and addressing emergencies based on the underlying cause, ranging from targeted therapies for malignancies to addressing nutritional deficiencies and discontinuing culprit medications.
You may know an approach to anemia, or thrombocytopenia...but what about when all cell lines are down? Take a listen to our hematology focused episode of pancytopenia! Written by Jia Li (Lily) Liu (Internal Medicine Resident) and Dr. Owen Dan Luo (Internal Medicine Resident) and reviewed by Dr. Laura Habib (Hematologist-Oncologist), and Dr. Natasha Nathoo (Internist). Infographic by Dr. Valerie Kim (Internal Medicine Resident)