Big Think

Experts from 4 different fields define consciousness

Nov 19, 2025
Four experts explore the intricate nature of consciousness, examining self-awareness and its connection to the universe. They delve into the subjective experience of consciousness and its evolutionary roots. The discussion contrasts habitual thought with present-moment awareness, highlighting the benefits of meditation. Altered states of consciousness, including those experienced through psychedelics, are also addressed. Ultimately, the conversation emphasizes the importance of engaging with life in the present to access deeper beauty and understanding.
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INSIGHT

Consciousness As Subjective Experience

  • Consciousness refers to any subjective experience like seeing, hearing, loving, or fearing.
  • If it feels like something to be you, then you are conscious.
INSIGHT

Consciousness Is Immediately Real

  • Consciousness is the one thing that cannot be an illusion from your point of view.
  • The fact that there's something it is like to be you is what we mean by consciousness.
INSIGHT

Evolution Plus Culture Explains Minds

  • Evolution and cultural evolution together explain how minds and human consciousness could arise.
  • Cultural evolution adds intelligence that eventually yields comprehension and consciousness.
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