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Recent fossil discoveries in Australia and Canada, dating back 1.75 billion years, are reshaping our understanding of early life on Earth and the transition from a methane-rich atmosphere to one filled with oxygen. These fossils, specifically thylakoid membranes, indicate that oxygenic photosynthesis, which generates oxygen, may have evolved much earlier than previously believed. The presence of cyanobacteria, which produced oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, played a crucial role in this atmospheric transition, allowing life to flourish in new forms. This discovery not only impacts our understanding of life on Earth but also opens up possibilities for finding life on other planets, emphasizing the interconnectedness of celestial evolution and biological potential.