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A key driver of inflation discussed in the podcast is the massive expansion of the money supply. The M2 money supply has increased by 40% since pre-2020. This surge in the supply of money has led to a surge in demand without a corresponding increase in supply. As a result, shortages have emerged in various areas, as there wasn't sufficient production to match the sudden increase in demand. While factors like supply chains and labor shortages are often pointed out as causes of inflation, they are seen as symptoms rather than underlying causes. The episode emphasizes that the expansion of the money supply is the primary driver of inflation.