Did NIMBYs Kill the American Dream?, with Yoni Appelbaum
Feb 20, 2025
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Yoni Appelbaum, Deputy Editor at The Atlantic and author of "Stuck," discusses the housing crisis that has turned the American Dream into an American nightmare. He argues the real issue is mobility, not affordability, revealing that many affordable homes are located in less desirable areas. Appelbaum delves into the implications of NIMBYism on housing development and civic engagement, suggesting that zoning laws hinder opportunities. He advocates for state-level solutions to combat resistance and argues for a balanced approach to housing policies to reinvigorate equitable opportunities.
The significant increase in home prices has made homeownership unattainable for many, particularly impacting young professionals' opportunities.
NIMBY sentiments and local governance issues are exacerbating the mobility crisis, hindering necessary housing developments and maintaining exclusivity.
Deep dives
The Myth of Homeownership as the American Dream
Homeownership is deeply ingrained in American culture, often perceived as synonymous with achieving the American dream. However, a recent survey highlights that many Americans now prioritize homeownership over traditional milestones like raising a family or obtaining a college degree. In reality, this ideal has shifted; the global financial crisis transformed homeownership from a dream into a nightmare for many, with affordability becoming a pervasive issue. Despite the increased average home price in the U.S. by nearly 80% from 2015 to 2023, the belief that homeownership is essential for personal success persists, overlooking the relative affordability of housing in various regions.
The Mobility Crisis Trumps the Affordability Crisis
The concept of a housing affordability crisis may not accurately capture the underlying issues within American society; rather, the evidence points to a mobility crisis. The decline in mobility—only one in 13 Americans moved last year compared to one in three in the 19th century—has significant implications for economic and social opportunities. This stagnation reduces entrepreneurship and contributes to decreased community engagement, trust, and even lower birth rates. By highlighting the work of Yoni Applebaum, who argues that our focus should shift from affordability to mobility, it becomes clear that the inability to relocate for better opportunities is hindering societal progress.
NIMBYism and Its Impact on Local Housing Policies
NIMBY (Not In My Backyard) sentiments have played a significant role in limiting housing development across the United States, particularly in affluent areas that resist new building projects. Individuals who advocate for affordable housing on a larger scale often paradoxically oppose the development of such housing in their own neighborhoods, revealing an inherent hypocrisy. This behavior stems from a mix of self-interest and well-intentioned motivations that, when aggregated, contribute to a general resistance to change. The resulting zoning laws and local regulations create barriers to housing supply, exacerbating the mobility crisis and perpetuating the cycle of exclusivity.
Re-evaluating Human Nature and Local Governance
The complexities of local governance reveal that empowering communities with decision-making authority can often backfire, as voters may prioritize the interests of existing residents over newcomers. The idealistic notion that local decisions benefit the community as a whole often overlooks the self-serving tendencies of established residents. Moreover, the challenges of human nature complicate efforts to enact meaningful change in zoning laws and housing policies. Recognizing that those with significant resources and time are most likely to obstruct progress underscores the need for state-level reforms to break the cycle of local opposition and address the broader housing crisis.
“Homeownership is the American Dream.” This saying is so ingrained in our zeitgeist that most Americans don't even pause to question it. However, according to the Black Knights Home Price Index, the average US home price increased nearly 80% from April 2015 to April 2023. Census data reveals that the median household income only increased by 4% during this period. Homeownership has thus become increasingly out of reach, especially for young professionals. So, how did the American Dream become an American nightmare?
In his brand new book, “Stuck: How the Privileged in the Propertied Broke the Engine of American Opportunity,” The Atlantic’s Deputy Editor Yoni Appelbaum offers a contrarian view, arguing that the crisis in American homeownership isn’t actually about cost—it’s about mobility. There are many places in America where housing remains affordable and even dirt cheap. The problem is that those affordable options are in less desirable locations, with fewer opportunities for high-quality jobs, education, and health care. Thus, young professionals continue to migrate to communities where opportunities are bountiful, but housing is not.
Appelbaum joins Bethany and Luigi to discuss how Americans got “stuck.” Why does mobility matter so much? What are the implications of reduced mobility for Americans’ faith in capitalism and the belief that our country is still the land of opportunity? If treating a home as an investment—which many of us do—means less mobility, is being “stuck” so wrong for society? Together, the three of them unpack this entangled question of mobility, homeownership, and what it means for the reformulation of the American Dream.