All-In with Chamath, Jason, Sacks & Friedberg Elon Musk on DOGE, Optimus, Starlink Smartphones, Evolving with AI, Why the West is Imploding
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Sep 10, 2025 
Elon Musk, CEO of SpaceX and Tesla, discusses his journey with DOGE and the astonishing advancements of Optimus, the AI robot tackling complex dexterity challenges. He dives into Tesla's AI5 chips and their impact on autonomous driving. Musk unveils plans for Starlink-enabled smartphones and highlights the urgency of space exploration, especially humanity's colonization of Mars. He also examines the existential crises facing Western society, exploring how philosophical shifts could pave a way toward renewed hope.
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Three Pillars For A General Humanoid
- Optimus needs three breakthroughs: human-level hands, an AI mind that understands reality, and high-volume production.
- Tesla is recreating an entire supply chain because humanoid actuators and motors don't exist commercially.
Design Pricing Around Mass Production
- Plan manufacturing cost around scale: target a million units per year to hit ~$20k marginal cost.
- Account for expensive AI compute and actuator complexity when forecasting unit economics.
Why Hands Make Or Break Robots
- Human hands are exceptionally versatile with ~27 degrees of freedom and many muscles residing in the forearm.
- Solving the hands problem is central to achieving a generalized humanoid robot.
