Sarah Ogilvie discusses the unique structure of the Oxford English Dictionary, the crowdsourcing method used to gather quotations, and how it became 'the Wikipedia of its day'. She uncovers the unsung heroes behind the making of the dictionary, including crowdsourcing in the Victorian era and the surprising contributions of a murderer and patient in a mental asylum. The chapter also explores the involvement of women in the dictionary's creation, highlighting the correlation with the suffragette movement.
The Oxford English Dictionary was unique in that it crowdsourced word submissions from people worldwide, making it a precursor to modern crowdsourcing projects like Wikipedia.
The dictionary people, including amateurs and women, played a crucial role in the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary, highlighting the diverse and dedicated community behind it.
Deep dives
The Structure of the Making of the Oxford English Dictionary
In 1857, a dictionary was proposed that aimed to include every word in the English language. Unlike previous dictionaries that were prescriptive, this dictionary would be descriptive, based on written sources and how people actually use words. To accomplish such a massive task, the creators decided to crowdsource the dictionary by inviting people worldwide to read local books, gather local words, and send them to Oxford. This crowdsourcing effort turned out to be a massive success, with thousands of people sending in slips containing word quotations. The dictionary was written in a scriptorium, a corrugated iron shed in James Murray's garden.
Guidelines for the Dictionary Contributors
Contributors were provided with guidelines for creating slips, including structuring the slip to include the headword, author, date of publication, title, and quotation with page number. However, Murray asked contributors to look out for interesting or rare words, which later caused difficulty in finding enough examples of common words. Despite the haphazard nature of contributors reading books and selecting words they liked, Murray appreciated their submissions and recognized their importance in documenting the English language.
The Oxford English Dictionary as an Early Crowdsourcing Project
The Oxford English Dictionary was a groundbreaking example of crowdsourcing in the 19th century. Murray opened the project to the general public, going beyond the scholarly community, and invited contributions worldwide. This approach resulted in a large number of diverse contributors and a wide range of words from different varieties of English. The distribution of contributions followed the same pattern as modern crowdsourcing projects, with a small percentage of dedicated contributors and a long tail of casual contributors.
The Dictionary People and Their Stories
The dictionary people, including some eccentric and colorful characters, played a crucial role in the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary. Many of them were amateurs, self-taught individuals with a passion for language. Murray recognized and appreciated their contributions, providing them with guidance and support. The dictionary people included women, who made significant contributions often overlooked in previous accounts. Their stories highlight the diverse and dedicated community behind the dictionary.
In this week's Book Club podcast I'm talking to Sarah Ogilvie about the extraordinary story of the making of the Oxford English Dictionary, as told in her new The Dictionary People: The Unsung Heroes Who Created the Oxford English Dictionary. She tells me why the OED was different in kind from any previous English dictionary, how crowdsourcing made it 'the Wikipedia of its day', and how – as she discovered – quite so many cranks, murderers, perverts and foreigners took such an interest in it.
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