Intubation Essentials with Dr. Alyssa Stoner and Dr. Gina Patel, Part 5 Commonly Used Medications
Jul 29, 2021
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Dr. Alyssa Stoner and Dr. Gina Patel discuss common pediatric intubation medications, emphasizing pre-medication importance for infants, risks of rapid fentanyl administration, and optimizing analgesics and sedatives. They cover topics such as IV lidocaine controversy, managing rigid chest syndrome, and titration strategies for optimal outcomes.
Choose between atropine or glycopyrillate for pre-medication in intubation to prevent bradycardia and dry oral secretions.
Consider using IV lidocaine to decrease intracranial pressure before intubation, although its effectiveness and use vary among providers.
Deep dives
Pre-medication and its use in intubation
Pre-medication prior to intubation is institution-specific and can vary. Infants may require pre-medication like atropine or glycopyrillate to prevent bradycardia and reduce secretions. Atropine and glycopyrillate also serve to dry up oral secretions. Ketamine may be used as an induction agent with glycopyrillate to counteract increased secretions with repeated or continuous use. The choice between atropine and glycopyrillate often depends on the provider's comfort level.
IV lidocaine in intubation for increased intracranial pressure
IV lidocaine may be used as a pre-medication for patients at risk of increased intracranial pressure. It is given 5 to 10 minutes prior to intubation to decrease irritation and prevent a reflex increase in intracranial pressure. The effectiveness of IV lidocaine is debated, with some providers recommending its use and others suggesting against it. Its use may be provider- or institution-specific.
Analgesic and sedation choices in intubation
Fentanyl is commonly used as the analgesic choice during intubation due to its relative hemodynamic stability. Rapid IV boluses of fentanyl can cause rigid chest syndrome, making ventilation difficult. Slowly pushing fentanyl and ensuring proper flushing can help prevent this complication. Fentanyl is typically used in combination with midazolam as the sedative choice, but caution must be exercised to avoid hypotension. Alternative approaches include using large doses of fentanyl alone or titrating analgesics to effect. It is important to consider individual patient factors and titrate accordingly during the intubation process.
Dr. Alyssa Stoner is an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine and practicing pediatric intensivist at Children's Mercy Kansas City. Dr. Gina Patel is a fellow in pediatric critical care at Children's Mercy Kansas City.
Objectives
The participant will compare and contrast various medications for an induction plan for intubation, highlighting the pros and cons for each medication.
The participant will appropriate describe a medication plan for induction based upon the clinical scenario provided
The participant will accurately describe the procedure for rapid sequence intubation including the administration of the medication.
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Thank you for listening to this episode of PedsCrit. Please remember that all content during this episode is intended for educational and entertainment purposes only. It should not be used as medical advice. The views expressed during this episode by hosts and our guests are their own and do not reflect the official position of their institutions. If you have any comments, suggestions, or feedback-you can email us at pedscritpodcast@gmail.com. Check out http://www.pedscrit.comfor detailed show notes. And visit @critpeds on twitter and @pedscrit on instagram for real time show updates.
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