Dr. Erica McAlister, the esteemed 'fly lady' and entomologist, teams up with Professor Graham Taylor from Oxford, a specialist in animal flight dynamics. They dive into the astonishing speeds of horseflies—could they really hit 90 mph? The duo defends these often-maligned insects, discussing the bizarre fact that some don't even have wings. They also explore how horseflies could inspire advances in drone technology. Packed with humor and science, this conversation sheds light on the remarkable world of flies.
There are over 7,000 fly species in the UK, illustrating their vast diversity and adaptability, including some that evolved without wings.
Contrary to sensational claims, horseflies fly at speeds around 13 to 22.5 mph, providing insights for engineering flying machines through insect flight mechanisms.
Deep dives
The Fascinating Diversity of Flies
There are more than 7,000 species of flies in the UK alone, outnumbering all mammals on the planet. This number is likely an underestimate, as many tiny, undiscovered species contribute to the vast diversity of flies. Some fly species, remarkably, have evolved to live without wings, which challenges conventional notions about insects. For instance, the New Zealand bat fly is a notable example of a wingless fly, emphasizing the varied adaptations within this group of insects.
Debunking the Speed Myth
The claim that horseflies can fly at speeds of 90 miles per hour is thoroughly examined and debunked. Initial assertions were based on questionable methods, where a horsefly allegedly caught a bullet fired from a gun. Scientific studies indicate that the actual maximum speed of horseflies is likely around 13 miles per hour, much lower than the sensational claim. Further calculations suggest that a more realistic upper limit would be about 22.5 miles per hour, still impressive but far from the exaggerated figure.
Insect Flight Dynamics and Engineering Insights
Insect flight mechanisms provide valuable insights for human technology, particularly in aerodynamics. Researchers have noted a scaling principle that applies to flying organisms, influenced by their size and wing motion. This principle helps to understand the balance of thrust and drag that insects navigate while flying. By studying how flies generate lift through unique wing motions, engineers can apply these lessons to the design of more efficient flying machines, such as flapping-wing robots.
Adapting to Rapid Decision-Making
Insects possess remarkable adaptive abilities that allow them to respond quickly in their environments. Their neural systems are fine-tuned to optimize specific tasks crucial for survival, such as hunting for food or evading predators. This efficiency contrasts with human engineering, which often requires complex computations for even simple maneuvers. Understanding these insect behaviors can inspire innovations in robotics, particularly in developing efficient algorithms for navigational tasks in unpredictable environments.
The buzz of a fly hovering just above your head has got to be one of the most irritating sounds around, but this week we try to work out just how fast they could be flying. Could a claim horseflies reach speeds of up to 90 mph possibly be true, and Dara wants to know if this is what makes them so difficult to swat?
Entomologist Erica McAlister is better known as the ‘fly lady’ and speaks up in defence of these tiny creatures, explaining there are 7,000 known species in the UK alone. Which makes it all the more shocking there are several that don’t have wings.
For Professor Graham Taylor the question of speed comes down to a simple calculation, and the team try to work out whether a horsefly beats its wings fast enough relative to its size to travel so rapidly. He explains horseflies aren't clever, but scientists are interested in their simple brains and are studying them to use as models for drones and mini robots.
Contributors:
Dr Erica McAlister, Natural History Museum
Professor Graham Taylor, Oxford University
Producer: Marijke Peters
Executive Producer: Alexandra Feachem
A BBC Studios Audio Production
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