The podcast explores the controversy surrounding climate scientist Michael Mann and the implications of the Earth's warming. It delves into the challenges faced by climate scientists in reconstructing past climate conditions using ice cores, tree rings, and coral samples. The creation of the hockey stick curve, depicting global warming due to industrialization, is discussed along with its impact on climate change awareness.
The hockey stick curve, depicting average global temperatures over time, has faced criticism and attacks from opponents of climate change science, but subsequent research has consistently supported its findings.
Scientists gather data from diverse sources including ice cores and coral samples to understand climate change patterns and provide a comprehensive view of climate change history.
Deep dives
Investigating Climate Change: The Hockey Stick Curve
In 2009, a group of hackers leaked emails from the University of East Anglia, and climate scientist Michael Mann found himself at the center of a conspiracy scandal. The stolen emails were used to accuse him of fabricating evidence for climate change. However, the accusations were later disproven, and investigations cleared Michael and his colleagues of any wrongdoing. Michael's work on the hockey stick curve, a graph depicting average global temperatures over time, became a target for critics in the fossil fuel industry. Despite the attacks, subsequent research has confirmed the climate change trends highlighted by the hockey stick curve, showing unprecedented changes due to human activity.
Uncovering Climate History with Ice Cores and Coral Samples
To understand climate change patterns, scientists have gathered data from diverse sources. Lonnie Thompson, a pioneer in ice core research, collected samples from the Calcaya ice cap in Peru, revealing climate records dating back centuries. Similarly, scientist Kim Cobb studied coral samples, which provide a week-by-week record of past ocean temperatures. Unlocking the secrets hidden within ice cores and coral samples requires years of dedicated work, involving the understanding of isotopes, geology, and advanced lab techniques. These sources, combined with other proxy records, provide a comprehensive view of climate change history.
The Power of the Hockey Stick Curve
The hockey stick curve, based on Michael Mann's research, has become an iconic image in the study of climate change. It shows a relatively stable climate for a millennium, followed by a sharp increase in temperatures during the industrial era. The curve has faced criticism and attacks from opponents of climate change science, particularly those in the fossil fuel industry. However, the results have been consistently supported by subsequent research, adding more evidence to the hockey stick curve. The graph underscores the urgent need to address human-induced climate change before it reaches irreversible levels.
In 1998, the climate scientist Michael Mann published a simple graph shaped like an ice hockey stick: a long straight line which curves suddenly upward at the end. It was based on decades of intrepid work by scientists around the world. But the line held a stark warning. For Michael, notoriety, abuse and a global battle over the reality of climate change followed.
Hannah Fry tells the remarkable story of the people behind the hockey stick: the scientists who scaled mountains and braved oceans in search of evidence, and the dramatic fallout when the world saw what they had found.
Episode Producer: Ilan Goodman
Sound Design: Jon Nicholls
Story Editor: John Yorke
A series for Radio 4 by BBC Science in Cardiff.
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