Discover the dramatic 1837 banking failure in Kirtland, Ohio, and the immediate aftermath that prompted Joseph Smith's flight to Missouri. Learn how the struggles of the early church led to the revelation of the law of tithing amidst financial chaos. Delve into the tensions surrounding the Kirtland Temple’s construction and the challenges faced by church leaders. Explore the complex relationship between tithing and consecration, along with how these financial principles evolved to support the church during tough times.
The collapse of the Kirtland Safety Society prompted church leaders to seek divine guidance for financial stability through tithing.
The revelation of the Law of Tithing established a structured financial system aimed at alleviating the church's debt crisis in 1838.
Debates around tithing's interpretation reveal the complexity of financial obligations, highlighting a need for clarity in church doctrine and practices.
Deep dives
The Exodus to Far West
After the failure of the church's banking efforts in Kirtland, Ohio, church leaders, including Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, fled to Far West, Missouri. This exodus was driven by mounting debts from the Kirtland Safety Society and threats of violence from church dissenters. In April 1838, members were commanded to build the Far West Temple without incurring further debt, compounding their financial struggles. Joseph Smith's prayerful inquiry led to the revelation of the Law of Tithing, highlighting the church's need for financial stability.
Historical Underpinnings of Consecration and Finance
The episode delves into the historical context of the United Firm, established in Kirtland to manage the church's financial objectives. Despite its dissolution due to some members' failures, this corporation set the stage for the church's future commercial endeavors, including various agricultural and media businesses. Church finances were complicated by members often being impoverished immigrants, unable to contribute much financially. The church's reliance on business ventures illustrated a persistent need to fund its mission and growth amidst economic challenges.
The Kirtland Safety Society
The Kirtland Safety Society was a significant and flawed attempt by the church to stabilize its finances, which ultimately crashed. Initially envisioned as a means of pooling resources and assisting members, it suffered from underfunding and a lack of state approval, operating informally as an anti-bank. The bank's collapse was exacerbated by local hostility, economic turmoil, and a nationwide banking panic in 1837. The failure disillusioned many church members, causing a wave of apostasy and challenges to Joseph Smith's prophetic authority.
Revelation of the Law of Tithing
In July 1838, compelled by financial distress, Joseph Smith inquired how much the Lord required from the members for tithing, leading to Doctrine and Covenants section 119. The Lord commanded that all surplus property be offered to bishops for church needs, including debts incurred by leadership. This revelation established a two-tiered tithing system: an initial offering of surplus property and an ongoing annual payment of one-tenth of all interest, defined later as income. This tithing model provided the groundwork for church finances, evolving as the church grew.
Controversies Surrounding Tithing
The episode discusses various controversies regarding the interpretation of the Law of Tithing, especially the definition of 'interest' as it pertains to members' financial obligations. Initially, the focus on assessing net worth rather than income created complex calculations that later simplified to the modern understanding of tithing as a percentage of income. The narrative also highlights that the perception of tithing as a 'lesser law' compared to the law of consecration is a misunderstanding, as both principles are intended to work together within church doctrine. Insights from church scholars and historical records provide clarity on how these tithing practices developed over time.
In the aftermath of the significant 1837 failure of the Church’s banking business in Kirtland, Ohio and the subsequent fallout with several Church leaders—including death threats—Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon fled Ohio to be with Church members in Far West, Missouri. Shortly thereafter, in April 1838, the Lord commanded the saints to build the Far West temple, but charged them not to go into more debt to do so. Church leaders were then already steeped in debts from Kirtland as it was. So in response to Joseph’s prayerful plea in July of that year as to how to fund the various needs of the Church, the Lord revealed what we now know as the law of tithing.
In this episode of Church History Matters we discuss several of the fascinating details from this history and grapple with a few fundamental and slightly controversial questions about tithing.