Sam Harris speaks with Daniel Kahneman about the replication crisis in science, System 1 and System 2, expert intuitions, the power of framing, moral illusions, the utility of worrying, removing obstacles to wanted behaviors, and improving the quality of gossip.
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Quick takeaways
Worrying can act as a motivator and help address potential threats and problems, despite the Dalai Lama's suggestion that it is unnecessary and leads to unnecessary suffering.
The replication crisis in science, particularly in social sciences and psychology, highlights the need for sound experimentation, rigorous scientific methods, and improved replication rates to enhance the reliability of research.
Deep dives
The Power of Worrying
One of the main ideas discussed in this podcast episode is the power of worrying. While the Dalai Lama suggests that worrying is unnecessary and can add unnecessary suffering, Daniel Kahneman highlights the importance of worrying about certain issues, especially when it comes to the future. He explains that worrying can act as a motivator and can help individuals and societies take action to address potential threats and problems. For instance, in the context of climate change, Kahneman emphasizes that it is challenging to make people worry enough about an abstract and distant problem, making it difficult to mobilize the necessary actions.
The Replication Crisis in Science
Another key point discussed in the podcast is the replication crisis in science. This refers to the lack of reproducibility of scientific studies, particularly in social sciences and psychology. Kahneman explains that research is often biased due to the desire for positive results, leading to practices like p-hacking and non-replicable findings. He highlights the importance of sound experimentation, rigorous scientific methods, and the need to improve replication rates to enhance the reliability of scientific research.
System 1 and System 2 Thinking
Kahneman explores the concept of system 1 and system 2 thinking, which are two different cognitive processing systems. System 1 thinking is fast, automatic, and unconscious, relying on intuition and pattern recognition. System 2 thinking, on the other hand, is slower, conscious, and deliberative, involving effortful thought processes. Kahneman explains that while intuition and system 1 thinking are valuable in certain contexts, they can also lead to biases and errors. Recognizing the limitations of intuition and engaging in more deliberate, conscious thinking can help improve decision-making.
Regret and Anticipated Regret
The podcast delves into the topics of regret and anticipated regret. Kahneman explains that regret is a powerful emotion linked to counterfactual thinking, imagining possible realities that did not occur. Anticipated regret, in particular, influences decision-making by considering potential future regrets or negative outcomes. It plays a significant role in various domains, such as financial decisions, and can lead individuals to choose certain courses of action in order to avoid or minimize future regret.
Sam Harris speaks with Daniel Kahneman at the Beacon Theatre in NYC. They discuss the replication crisis in science, System 1 and System 2, where intuitions reliably fail, expert intuitions, the power of framing, moral illusions, anticipated regret, the asymmetry between threats and opportunities, the utility of worrying, removing obstacles to wanted behaviors, the remembering self vs the experiencing self, improving the quality of gossip, and other topics.
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