Philosopher Michael Huemer discusses skepticism, free will, the mind-body problem, and the existence of God. He explores the complexities of burden shifting in arguments, evolution of philosophical ideas, difficulties in defining knowledge, and ethical theories. The conversation also touches on utilitarianism, rule utilitarianism in ethics, ethical intuitionism, time travel paradoxes in popular culture, and logical coherence in movies.
Defining knowledge post-Gettier challenges traditional justified true belief concept.
Compatibilism explores coexistence of free will and determinism through internal drives.
Hypothetical examples in philosophy aid understanding by focusing on relevant points.
Deep dives
Evolution of Philosophy Definitions
The traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief was challenged by Edmund Gettier in 1963, leading to a search for a new definition. Various attempts to define knowledge post-Gettier failed to gain universal acceptance due to counterexamples. This challenges the notion that defining concepts equates to understanding their meaning.
Free Will and Compatibilism
Compatibilism argues that free will can coexist with determinism, suggesting that one's actions, driven by internal desires and beliefs, differentiate between free and unfree choices. Despite challenges and counterarguments, compatibilism aims to rescue the concept of free will from deterministic constraints.
Challenges in Epistemology
Epistemology, the philosophical study of knowledge, faced a significant shift in defining knowledge following Gettier's counterexamples to the traditional justified true belief definition. Multiple attempts to redefine knowledge failed to produce a universally agreed-upon definition, revealing the complexity of defining philosophical concepts.
Importance of Hypothetical Examples in Philosophy
Using hypothetical examples in philosophy is crucial for understanding concepts. Concepts are grasped not through descriptions but by developing appropriate dispositions. Hypothetical scenarios help individuals test their understanding by activating linguistic intuitions. They allow individuals to focus on the philosophically relevant points and not get distracted by unrealistic details.
Utilitarianism vs. Deontology in Ethics
The debate between utilitarianism and deontology in ethics centers around the prioritization of maximizing good consequences versus following moral rules. Consequentialists argue for actions that lead to the best outcomes, while deontologists emphasize moral duties and constraints. Examples like the decision-making dilemmas faced by Captain Picard in Star Trek illustrate the clash between prioritizing consequences and upholding moral principles.