In this episode, I sit down with Olga Megorskaya, CEO of Toloka, to explore what true human-AI co-agency looks like in practice. We talk about how the role of humans in AI systems has evolved from simple labeling tasks to expert judgment and co-execution with agents – and why this shift changes everything.

We get into:

- Why "humans as callable functions" is the wrong metaphor – and what to use instead

- What co-agency really means?

- Why some data tasks now take days, not seconds – and what that says about modern AI

- The biggest bottleneck in human-AI teamwork (and it’s not tech)

- The future of benchmarks, the limits of synthetic data, and why it is important to teach humans to distrust AI

- Why AI agents need humans to teach them when not to trust the plan

If you're building agentic systems or care about scalable human-AI workflows, this conversation is packed with hard-won perspective from someone who’s quietly powering some of the most advanced models in production. Olga brings a systems-level view that few others can – and we even nerd out about Foucault’s Pendulum, the power of text, and the underrated role of human judgment in the age of agents.

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Guest:

Olga Megorskaya, CEO of Toloka

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Chapters

0:00 – Intro: Humans as Callable Functions?

0:33 – Evolving with ML: From Crowd Labeling to Experts

3:10 – The Rise of Deep Domain Tasks and Foundational Models

5:46 – The Next Phase: Agentic Systems and Complex Human Tasks

7:16 – What Is True Co-Agency?

9:00 – Task Planning: When AI Guides the Human

10:39 – The Critical Skill: Knowing When Not to Trust the Model

13:25 – Engineering Limitations vs. Judgment Gaps

15:19 – What Changed Post-ChatGPT?

18:04 – Role of Synthetic vs. Human Data

21:01 – Is Co-Agency a Path to AGI?

25:08 – How To Ensure Safe AI Deployment

27:04 – Benchmarks: Internal, Leaky, and Community-Led

28:59 – The Power of Text: Umberto Eco and AI

Turing Post is a newsletter about AI's past, present, and future. Publisher Ksenia Semenova explores how intelligent systems are built – and how they’re changing how we think, work, and live.

If you’d like to keep following

Olga and Toloka:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/omegorskaya/

https://x.com/TolokaAI

Ksenia and Turing Post:

https://x.com/TheTuringPost

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ksenia-se

https://huggingface.co/Kseniase

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