Philosopher Sam Coleman and Norman Bacrac from the South Place Ethical Society discuss the nature of free will in relation to the brain. They explore determinism, the illusion of free will, consciousness and the brain, and the famous Benjamin Libet experiments. The podcast also includes an announcement of a conference on sensations and consciousness in the brain.
The existence of free will is questioned if brain activity is determined by physical laws, leading to the possibility that conscious decisions may be illusions.
Free will can be understood as the ability to make decisions based on evolving nervous systems, relying on information processing and the absence of external compulsion.
Deep dives
The problem of brain and free will
The podcast explores the problem of free will and how the functioning of our minds depends on the functioning of our brains. The speaker questions the existence of free will if the brain's behavior is determined by physical laws. Recent studies suggest that the brain prepares the body to act before a conscious decision is made, leading to the question of whether conscious decisions are just illusions. The speaker introduces various speakers who present their views on the nature of free will.
Norman's view on free will
Norman argues that free will is the ability to make decisions based on the evolving nervous systems. He believes that the human brain relies on information processing and competing factors to arrive at a winning course of action. Norman emphasizes that feeling free simply means being free from external compulsion, and it is compatible with a causal story within our heads. He also highlights that the brain operates deterministically and that random behavior would be unviable for survival.
Sam's view on the relationship between the brain and free will
Sam acknowledges the everyday experience of feeling free to make conscious decisions that cause actions. He believes that the job of philosophy is to reconcile scientific experiments with common sense and everyday lived experiences. Sam argues that unless there is evidence to the contrary, it is hard to deny the sense that consciousness and conscious decisions have causal effects on actions. He also states that the self-determining physical system may respect the conservation of energy and still select between different possibilities.
Camilla's view on free will and knowledge
Camilla presents a position between Norman and Sam, emphasizing the importance of knowledge and justifying decisions based on available information. She believes that the brain's decisions rely on processes that consider immediate and local knowledge, leading to predictions rather than having complete certainty of the future. Camilla suggests that the feeling of free will may arise from a combination of physical constraints and the need to predict outcomes, allowing for some level of self-determination within the boundaries of physics.
Given what we now know about the mind’s connection with brain activity, and that brain activity, being normal physical activity, apparently must be determined by physical laws, is it possible to say we have free will anymore? If so, in what way? If not, what are the implications? And what is free will anyway? To discuss these and related questions, Grant Bartley from Philosophy Now is joined by Sam Coleman from the University of Hertfordshire, Norman Bacrac from the South Place Ethical Society and independent scholar Camilla Martin. First broadcast on 20 March 2012 on Resonance FM.
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