Ben Goldfarb: How America’s roads alter our ecology
Jun 4, 2024
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Ben Goldfarb, an environmental journalist and author of "Crossings: How Road Ecology is Shaping the Future of our Planet," unravels the surprising toll roads take on wildlife. He reveals that a staggering one million animals are killed daily on U.S. roads, and discusses the urgent need to address habitat disruption and road noise's impact on both human health and animal behavior. Goldfarb also highlights innovative wildlife overpass projects aimed at boosting genetic diversity and ensuring safe animal migrations, painting a vivid picture of our interconnected ecosystems.
Cliff swallows are rapidly evolving shorter wings due to highways, showcasing how road ecology influences animal genetics in real-time.
Traffic noise pollution significantly disrupts wildlife communication and health, demonstrating critical challenges for species survival amid urban development.
Deep dives
The Evolution of Cliff Swallows and Road Impact
Cliff swallows are undergoing notable evolutionary changes due to the presence of highways. Research indicates these birds that nest under highway bridges are developing shorter wings, which help them maneuver and avoid being struck by vehicles, compared to their longer-winged counterparts. This rapid evolution, driven by a powerful selective pressure from traffic, highlights how roads not only alter their immediate environment but can also influence animal genetics in a relatively short timeframe. Such findings exemplify the concept of road ecology, which investigates the effects of roads on wildlife and ecosystems.
Road Noise and Its Disruptive Effects
Traffic noise pollution significantly impacts both human health and wildlife well-being. Studies have shown that road noise can lead to increased stress levels in animals, making it harder for them to communicate, find mates, and avoid predators. For instance, a study called the Phantom Road Experiment demonstrated that songbirds that were exposed to recordings of traffic noise displayed lower body conditions, which hindered their migration. This phenomenon illustrates how noise pollution can lead to habitat loss, affecting animal populations' survival.
The Consequences of Urban Sprawl and Road Development
Suburban development often leads to increased road networks, which can exacerbate threats to wildlife. The construction of new residential roads not only creates direct hazards, such as roadkill, for animals like deer but also fragments habitats, making it harder for wildlife to navigate. In places like the Metow Valley and the Arkansas Valley, the expansion of suburbs has resulted in an intricate web of roads through critical wildlife habitats, further complicating the survival of various species. This development patterns raise essential questions about balancing human needs and wildlife conservation.
Innovative Solutions for Wildlife Preservation
To mitigate the negative impacts of roads on wildlife, innovative solutions such as wildlife overpasses are being developed. In California, a large wildlife overpass is under construction to enable mountain lions in the Santa Monica Mountains to safely traverse busy freeways, allowing for genetic diversity and healthier populations. These structures are designed to integrate with the surrounding ecosystem, providing not just a path across the road but also features that reduce noise and light pollution. Such initiatives exemplify a proactive approach to road ecology, showing that coexistence between wildlife and transportation infrastructure is possible.
It is safe to say that Americans love their cars. The mythology of the open road speaks to us all, calling us for adventure. But American wildlife might have something else to say about that. One million animals are killed on roads every day but the problem with our transportation system goes beyond roadkill.
Environmental journalist Ben Goldfarb says practically everything in the natural world is influenced by all these miles of gravel and tarmac. His latest book is “Crossings: How Road Ecology is Shaping the Future of our Planet.”
Enjoy this fascinating conversation with an author who traveled the world for answers about roads. Those roads take us to stories about cougars, butterflies, deer, and of course bears.
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THE WILD is a production of KUOW, Chris Morgan Wildlife, and the NPR Network. This episode was produced by Matt Martin and edited by Jim Gates. The Wild is hosted, produced and written by Chris Morgan. Fact checking by Apryle Craig. Our theme music is by Michael Parker.