There are five main types of auxiliary verb constructions, each with different marking patterns on the auxiliary and lexical verb.
Auxiliary verb constructions in African languages demonstrate various combinations of subject, object, tense, aspect, and mood marking, offering rich opportunities for conlanging.
Deep dives
Different Types of Auxiliary Verb Constructions
There are five main types of auxiliary verb constructions: auxiliary headed, double headed, split headed, split slash double headed, and lexically headed. The auxiliary headed construction is the most common, where the auxiliary verb takes all the necessary marking and the lexical verb is in a less finite form. The double headed construction is when both the auxiliary and lexical verb are marked, often including the subject and object. In the split headed construction, some markings are on the auxiliary and some on the lexical verb. The split slash double headed construction combines elements of both. The lexically headed construction is controversial, as the auxiliary appears more like a particle and the lexical verb carries most of the marking.
Semantics and Variations
Auxiliary verb constructions can have a wide range of meanings and variations. They are commonly used for tense, aspect, mood, and voice, including passive constructions. Some languages also use auxiliary verb constructions for adverbial senses and politeness markers. Additionally, different lexical verbs can have multiple uses in auxiliary verb constructions, such as the verb 'to be' being used for progressiveness and honoring. The turkey languages provide interesting variations, including the use of converbs, participles, nominalized forms, and even idiomatic noun-verb combinations.
Examples from African Languages
In African languages, auxiliary verb constructions demonstrate various combinations of subject, object, tense, aspect, and mood marking. The subject is often marked on both the auxiliary and lexical verb, while other elements may be split or doubled between the two. The specific patterns and variations in these constructions can differ across dialects or even within the same dialect. Additionally, complex semantic relationships and historical developments can be observed in auxiliary verb constructions, offering rich opportunities for conlanging.
Auxiliary Verb Constructions in Turkish
Turkish languages showcase unique variations in auxiliary verb constructions. These include the use of converbs, where verb forms are used adverbially, and nominalized forms as auxiliaries. The turkey languages also demonstrate diverse meanings and purposes, such as honorifics, politeness markers, and locative expressions. The form of the auxiliary verb in Turkish can change the telicity of the verb, leading to variations in meaning and usage. Furthermore, some constructions in Turkish exhibit locative distinctions, indicating movement toward or away from the speaker.
Suzette Haden Elgin passed away on January 27th. She will be missed. You can now support Conlangery on Patreon! William can now talk about conlanging he did for a videogame! In this episode, George and William go over the wonderful diversity of auxiliary verb constructions! So much to think about! Links and Resources: Auxiliary Verb... Read more »
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